Department of Ecology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, 142, Bulevar despota Stefana, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
Internal medicine Clinic, Division of Pulmonology, University Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, University of Belgrade, 9, Vukova, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
J Mycol Med. 2019 Apr;29(1):84-96. doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Jan 25.
Aspergillosis represents a spectrum of fungal diseases which are caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Animal models have been developed and used to address immune-based mechanisms of defense against these fungi. Invertebrate models enabled mass screening of virulence attributes of Aspergillus species as well as mechanisms of acquired resistance to antifungal agents. This review represents a concise view of cellular and humoral participants in an immune response to Aspergillus gained mostly from rodent models of aspergillosis. The survey of immune defense mechanisms was given, including the role of innate immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, innate-like lymphocytes) and receptors in antifungal response, the significance of dendritic cells in activation of specific adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses and the regulatory mechanisms of excessive response. Insight into innate immune defense mechanisms gained using non-vertebrate models of infections with Aspergillus sp. was given as well. The contribution of animal models to the current knowledge of immune mechanisms of resistance or susceptibility to these fungi was stressed and the significance of data gained from these models in forming the basis for the design of therapeutic strategies in prevention and/or treatment of aspergillosis was pointed out.
曲霉菌病代表了由曲霉菌属真菌引起的一系列真菌病。已经开发并使用动物模型来解决针对这些真菌的基于免疫的防御机制。无脊椎动物模型能够大规模筛选曲霉菌种的毒力属性以及对抗真菌药物获得性耐药的机制。本综述主要从曲霉菌病的啮齿动物模型中，简要介绍了针对曲霉菌的免疫反应中的细胞和体液参与者。综述了免疫防御机制，包括固有免疫细胞（巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、固有样淋巴细胞）和受体在抗真菌反应中的作用、树突状细胞在特异性适应性 T 细胞介导的免疫反应激活中的作用以及过度反应的调节机制。还介绍了使用非脊椎动物模型感染曲霉菌属获得的固有免疫防御机制的见解。强调了动物模型对这些真菌的抗性或易感性的免疫机制的当前知识的贡献，并指出了从这些模型中获得的数据在制定预防和/或治疗曲霉菌病的治疗策略的基础方面的意义。
