Division of Nutritional Physiology, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Pathology, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center - Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
Alcohol. 2019 Aug;78:21-31. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.01.009. Epub 2019 Jan 26.
Beer is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages consumed by young people. Ethanol intake is associated with harmful effects to the reproductive system. Bioactive compounds present in beer may diminish the toxics effect of ethanol. However, there is still little knowledge about the effect of beer consumption on hormonal regulation of male reproduction in organisms exposed to alcohol after the peripubertal age. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of beer intake on plasma reproductive hormones, immunolocalization of cleaved caspase-3 (casp-3), and the level of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in Leydig cells (LCs) in adolescent male Wistar rats. The animals, beginning at the age of 30 days, drank beer (10% ethanol; B2 group [2 weeks' exposure] and B4 group [4 weeks' exposure]), 10% ethanol solution (CE2 group [2 weeks' exposure] and CE4 group [4 weeks' exposure]), or water (C2 group [2 weeks' exposure] and C4 group [4 weeks' exposure]). Rats drinking beer for 4 weeks showed higher phenolic acid intake compared to rats drinking beer for 2 weeks. Rats exposed to beer for 4 weeks showed decreased plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and 17β-estradiol (E2) (3.173 ng/mL and 11.49 pg/mL, respectively), compared to the CE4 (5.293 ng/mL and 43.912 pg/mL, respectively) and the C4 groups (5.002 ng/mL and 41.121 pg mL, respectively). Expression of cleaved caspase-3 in LCs was lower in the B4 group rats, compared to the CE4 group rats (ID score: 1.676 vs. 2.190). No changes in nNOS expression were observed. Beer consumption revealed a similar negative effect on hormonal regulation of male reproductive function, but lower apoptosis in LCs may be beneficial for steroidogenic activity.
啤酒是年轻人最常饮用的酒精饮料之一。乙醇摄入与生殖系统的有害影响有关。啤酒中存在的生物活性化合物可能会降低乙醇的毒性作用。然而，对于青春期后暴露于酒精的生物体中，啤酒消费对雄性生殖激素调节的影响仍然知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在确定啤酒摄入对青春期雄性 Wistar 大鼠血浆生殖激素、cleaved caspase-3 (casp-3) 的免疫定位和 Leydig 细胞 (LCs) 中神经元型一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS) 水平的影响。从 30 天大开始，动物饮用啤酒（10%乙醇；B2 组[2 周暴露]和 B4 组[4 周暴露]）、10%乙醇溶液（CE2 组[2 周暴露]和 CE4 组[4 周暴露]）或水（C2 组[2 周暴露]和 C4 组[4 周暴露]）。饮用啤酒 4 周的大鼠比饮用啤酒 2 周的大鼠摄入更多的酚酸。暴露于啤酒 4 周的大鼠的血浆卵泡刺激素 (FSH) 和 17β-雌二醇 (E2) 水平降低（分别为 3.173ng/mL 和 11.49pg/mL），与 CE4（分别为 5.293ng/mL 和 43.912pg/mL）和 C4 组（分别为 5.002ng/mL 和 41.121pg/mL）相比。与 CE4 组相比，B4 组大鼠 LCs 中 cleaved caspase-3 的表达降低（ID 评分：1.676 对 2.190）。nNOS 表达没有变化。啤酒消费对雄性生殖功能的激素调节产生了类似的负面影响，但 LCs 中的较低凋亡可能有利于甾体生成活性。
