Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2019 May;222:83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.117. Epub 2019 Jan 22.
The present study focused on 11-nor-9carboxy-Δ9-THC (THC-COOH) and Benzoylecgonine (BE), the most common metabolites of cannabis and cocaine, respectively, present in the domestic sewage entering the wastewater treatment plants. The aims of the study were: (1) to validate the analytical method of detection in wastewater and sludge; (2) to determine contribution of biodegradation and other processes to the removal in the biological reactor of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the response of biomass to different drug concentrations. The Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry method showed to be repeatable and reliable (recovery>75%; repeatability<10-15%; bias uncertainty<10) for measurements in wastewater; the ultrasound assisted extraction (USE) demonstrated to be reliable as pre-treatment of activated sludge solid phase. Both drugs were fully removed from the liquid phase in the lab-scale biological reactor within 24 h. Biodegradation was the main BE removal mechanism, and the first order kinetic model provided the best fitting of the experimental data. THC-COOH was mainly removed due to a combination of adsorption and biodegradation; adsorption was better described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm. Both drugs at the higher concentrations caused inhibition of nitrogen oxidation and carbon removal.
本研究关注的是分别存在于进入污水处理厂的生活污水中的大麻和可卡因的最常见代谢物 11-去甲-9-羧基-Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC-COOH）和苯甲酰爱康宁（BE）。本研究的目的是：（1）验证污水和污泥中检测的分析方法；（2）确定生物反应器中生物降解和其他过程对污水处理厂（WWTP）中去除的贡献，以及生物量对不同药物浓度的响应。超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）显示可重复且可靠（回收率>75%；重复性<10-15%；偏差不确定性<10），适用于污水中的测量；超声辅助提取（USE）被证明是活性污泥固相预处理的可靠方法。在实验室规模的生物反应器中，两种药物在 24 小时内均能完全从液相中去除。生物降解是 BE 去除的主要机制，一级动力学模型提供了对实验数据的最佳拟合。THC-COOH 主要由于吸附和生物降解的组合而被去除；吸附更好地由伪二级动力学模型和 Freundlich 等温线描述。两种药物在较高浓度下均会抑制氮氧化和碳去除。
