Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute of Mental Health, WHO Collaborating Centre, Belgrade, Serbia.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2019 May;32(3):204-209. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000489.
The questions of urban living, mental health and well-being are complex issues correlated to many interacting factors. The purpose of this review is to provide data on mental health challenges of urban life and perspectives to address these challenges.
Urbanization may cause mental health problems, such as psychotic experiences, depression and stress-related disorders, particularly in vulnerable individuals. Challenges of urban living are even greater in developing countries, because of other urgent problems these countries are facing. New findings identified distinct neural mechanisms for an established environmental risk factor, linking the urban environment to social stress processing. Nature-based solutions may be helpful in preventing mental disorders and in alleviating psychological symptoms.
The data of impact of urban living on mental health are still controversial and mechanism of association is unclear. Urban living may be related to biological or social/environmental factors or both. Most probably, urbanicity has a synergistic effect with genetic vulnerability. Interdisciplinary and intersectoral actions are needed to meet urban living challenges, such as providing access to green space and mental health services, decrease of poverty, homelessness and emerging problems of immigration to cities.
城市生活、心理健康和幸福感等问题十分复杂，与许多相互作用的因素有关。本文旨在提供有关城市生活心理健康挑战方面的数据，并探讨解决这些挑战的方法。
城市化可能导致精神健康问题，如精神病性体验、抑郁和与压力相关的障碍，尤其是在弱势群体中。在发展中国家，城市生活的挑战更大，因为这些国家还面临其他紧迫的问题。新的研究结果确定了一个既定环境风险因素的独特神经机制，将城市环境与社会压力处理联系起来。基于自然的解决方案可能有助于预防精神障碍和缓解心理症状。
城市生活对心理健康影响的数据仍存在争议，其关联机制尚不清楚。城市生活可能与生物或社会/环境因素有关，也可能两者都有关。城市生活很可能与遗传易感性有协同作用。需要采取跨学科和跨部门的行动来应对城市生活的挑战，例如提供绿地和心理健康服务、减少贫困、无家可归以及移民到城市带来的新问题。
