Matsuo Taiki, Morita Fumio, Tani Daisuke, Nakamura Hitomi, Higurashi Yasuo, Ohgi Junji, Luziga Claudius, Wada Naomi
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
Department of Applied Medical Engineering Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
Anat Histol Embryol. 2019 May;48(3):218-227. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12426. Epub 2019 Jan 29.
The mammalian forelimb is adapted to different functions including postural, locomotor, feeding, exploratory, grooming and defence. Comparative studies on morphology of the mammalian scapula have been performed in an attempt to establish the functional differences in the use of the forelimb. In this study, a total of 102 scapulae collected from 66 species of animals, representatives of all major taxa from rodents, sirenians, marsupials, pilosa, cetaceans, carnivores, ungulates, primates and apes, were analysed. Parameters measured included scapular length, width, position, thickness, area, angles and index. Structures included supraspinous and infraspinous fossae, scapular spine, glenoid cavity, acromium and coracoid processes. Images were taken using computed tomographic (CT) scanning technology (CT-Aquarium, Toshiba and micro CT-LaTheta, Hotachi, Japan), and measurement values were acquired and processed using Avizo computer software and CanvasTM 11 ACD systems. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2013. Results obtained showed that there were differences in morphological characteristics of scapula between mammals with arboreal locomotion and living in forest and mountainous areas and those with leaping and terrestrial locomotion living in open habitat or savannah. Differences were seen in the ratio of maximum length and maximum width, the orientation of scapular spine and the horizontal length of acromion and coracoid processes. The cause for the statistical grouping of the animals and the way the scapular shape covaries with habitat and to the type of locomotion and speed are discussed in detail.
哺乳动物的前肢适应多种不同功能，包括姿势维持、运动、进食、探索、梳理毛发和防御。为了确定前肢使用中的功能差异，已对哺乳动物肩胛骨的形态进行了比较研究。在本研究中，共分析了从66种动物收集的102块肩胛骨，这些动物代表了所有主要类群，包括啮齿动物、海牛目、有袋动物、披毛目、鲸目、食肉动物、有蹄类动物、灵长类动物和猿类。测量的参数包括肩胛骨长度、宽度、位置、厚度、面积、角度和指数。结构包括冈上窝和冈下窝、肩胛冈、关节盂、肩峰和喙突。使用计算机断层扫描（CT）技术（东芝的CT-Aquarium和日本日立的微型CT-LaTheta）拍摄图像，并使用Avizo计算机软件和CanvasTM 11 ACD系统获取和处理测量值。使用Microsoft Excel 2013进行统计分析。结果表明，在森林和山区进行树栖运动的哺乳动物与在开阔栖息地或稀树草原进行跳跃和陆地运动的哺乳动物之间，肩胛骨的形态特征存在差异。在最大长度与最大宽度的比例、肩胛冈的方向以及肩峰和喙突的水平长度方面存在差异。详细讨论了动物进行统计分组的原因以及肩胛骨形状与栖息地、运动类型和速度的协变方式。
