Kay J F
Bio-Interfaces, Inc., San Diego, California 92121.
J Biomed Mater Res. 1988 Dec;22(12):1127-36. doi: 10.1002/jbm.820221206.
Implants for hard tissue replacement have evolved over the last few decades, but a critical assessment of their design reveals that most dental implants and most orthopedic appliances for any given indication are basically similar in design to their commercial competitors. Some unique features are contained in the outer 0.7 mm, but shadow pictures of the devices could almost be superimposed upon one another. Near-optimal designs have evolved for the materials systems commonly in use. The fight to minimize initial instability of implants, which leads to failure, has caused certain attachment mechanisms to emerge as acceptable, based upon research that indicates firm fixation in bone has resulted in longer average implant lifetime. The problem of initial stabilization is one of materials and design, both of which are necessary for a successful implant system. The nonmetallic calcium phosphate glass and ceramics technology available today provides materials that may counteract the effects of initial device instability by not relying on mechanical means of retention, alone, but chemical as well.
用于硬组织替代的植入物在过去几十年中不断发展，但对其设计进行批判性评估后发现，大多数牙科植入物以及针对任何特定适应症的大多数骨科器械，在设计上与它们的商业竞争对手基本相似。一些独特的特征包含在外部0.7毫米范围内，但这些器械的阴影图片几乎可以相互叠加。对于常用的材料系统，已经发展出了接近最优的设计。减少导致植入物失败的初始不稳定性的努力，促使某些附着机制基于研究表明在骨中牢固固定可延长植入物平均使用寿命而成为可接受的机制。初始稳定问题是材料和设计方面的问题，这两者对于成功的植入系统都是必不可少的。当今可用的非金属磷酸钙玻璃和陶瓷技术提供了一些材料，可以通过不仅依靠机械固位手段而且还依靠化学手段来抵消初始器械不稳定性的影响。
