Pirozhkov S V, Terebilina N N, Litvitskiy P F
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the MH, Moscow, Russia.
Serbsky National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2018;118(12):81-91. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201811812181.
Inflammasomes are macromolecular complexes that contain many copies of receptors recognizing molecular patterns of pathogenic agents (PAMP) and damage-associated structures (DAMP), and also include molecules of adapter protein ASC and procaspase-1. Activation of inflammasomes leads to the formation of active caspase-1 that, in turn, provides the maturation of pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to IL-1β and IL-18. The latter cytokines play an important role in control of neuroinlfammation in the central nervous system contributing to the pathogenesis of a series of neurological, neurodegenerative and mental disorders. The review discusses the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and other their types in the development of the traumatic brain injury, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, brain tumors, CNS infections, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, depressiver, and consequences of alcohol abuse. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways controlled by inflammasomes will allow the development of new therapeutic measures for diseases, in which neuroinflammation plays a leading pathogenetic role.
炎性小体是一种大分子复合物，包含多个识别病原体分子模式（PAMP）和损伤相关结构（DAMP）的受体拷贝，还包括衔接蛋白ASC分子和前半胱天冬酶-1。炎性小体的激活导致活性半胱天冬酶-1的形成，进而促使前白细胞介素-1β和前白细胞介素-18成熟为白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-18。后两种细胞因子在控制中枢神经系统的神经炎症中起重要作用，这与一系列神经、神经退行性和精神疾病的发病机制有关。本文综述了NLRP3炎性小体及其其他类型在创伤性脑损伤、缺血性和出血性中风、脑肿瘤、中枢神经系统感染、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病、癫痫、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、抑郁症以及酒精滥用后果中的作用。阐明炎性小体控制的分子机制和信号通路将有助于开发针对神经炎症起主要致病作用的疾病的新治疗措施。
