Department of Physiology/Endocrine, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019 Mar;27(3):409-419. doi: 10.1002/oby.22381. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
Rats were exposed to free-choice diets (fat plus one of two different sugar solutions, glucose or sucrose), and the metabolic consequences and impact on locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior were explored.
For 3 weeks, 7-week-old male rats were offered either chow only or free-choice high-fat diets differing in their added sugar: no sugar, sucrose, or glucose. In a second experiment, after 2 weeks on the diets, rats were switched from high sucrose to high glucose for two additional weeks. Metabolic end points included body weight, food intake, food choice, glycemic control, metabolic hormones, fat pad weight, brown adipose tissue weight, and gene expression. Behavioral analysis included locomotor and anxiety-like activity in the open field and elevated plus maze.
Both sugar diets enhanced adiposity and induced hyperphagia, favoring unhealthier dietary selection above that of the control diets (chow or free-choice high-fat with no sugar). Despite isocaloric intake in the sugar-containing diets, offering glucose instead of sucrose was associated with improved insulin sensitivity. The sugar-containing diets reduced activity (but with movements of increased velocity) and induced an anxiety-like phenotype.
Although free-choice diets negatively impacted on metabolism and anxiety-like behavior, replacing sucrose with glucose improved insulin sensitivity and may therefore be better for health.
将大鼠暴露于自由选择饮食（脂肪加两种不同糖溶液中的一种，葡萄糖或蔗糖）中，探索其代谢后果以及对运动活性和类似焦虑行为的影响。
7 周龄雄性大鼠在 3 周内仅接受标准饮食或不同添加糖的自由选择高脂肪饮食：无糖、蔗糖或葡萄糖。在第二个实验中，在饮食 2 周后，大鼠将高蔗糖饮食切换为高葡萄糖饮食，再持续 2 周。代谢终点包括体重、食物摄入量、食物选择、血糖控制、代谢激素、脂肪垫重量、棕色脂肪组织重量和基因表达。行为分析包括在旷场和高架十字迷宫中的运动和类似焦虑行为。
两种含糖饮食均增强了肥胖程度并引起了过度进食，偏爱于不健康的饮食选择，超过了对照饮食（标准饮食或自由选择高脂肪饮食，无糖）。尽管在含糖饮食中摄入的热量相同，但提供葡萄糖而不是蔗糖与改善胰岛素敏感性有关。含糖饮食减少了活动（但运动速度增加），并引起类似焦虑的表型。
尽管自由选择饮食对代谢和类似焦虑行为产生负面影响，但用葡萄糖代替蔗糖可提高胰岛素敏感性，因此可能对健康更有益。
