Rowlandson Tracy, Gleason Mark, Sentelhas Paulo, Gillespie Terry, Thomas Carla, Hornbuckle Brian
Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Canada.
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames.
Plant Dis. 2015 Mar;99(3):310-319. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-05-14-0529-FE.
Relationships between leaf wetness and plant diseases have been studied for centuries. The progress and risk of many bacterial, fungal, and oomycete diseases on a variety of crops have been linked to the presence of free water on foliage and fruit under temperatures favorable to infection. Whereas the rate parameters for infection or epidemic models have frequently been linked with temperature during the wet periods, leaf wetness periods of specific time duration are necessary for the propagule germination of most phytopathogenic fungi and for their penetration of plant tissues. Using these types of relationships, disease-warning systems were developed and are now being used by grower communities for a variety of crops. As a component of Integrated Pest Management, disease-warning systems provide growers with information regarding the optimum timing for chemical or biological management practices based on weather variables most suitable for pathogen dispersal or host infection. Although these systems are robust enough to permit some errors in the estimates or measurements of leaf wetness duration, the need for highly accurate leaf wetness duration data remains a priority to achieve the most efficient disease management.
几个世纪以来，人们一直在研究叶片湿度与植物病害之间的关系。在有利于感染的温度条件下，多种作物上许多细菌、真菌和卵菌病害的进展和风险与叶片和果实上存在自由水有关。虽然感染或流行模型的速率参数经常与潮湿时期的温度有关，但特定时长的叶片湿润期对于大多数植物病原真菌的繁殖体萌发及其穿透植物组织是必要的。利用这些类型的关系，开发了病害预警系统，目前种植者群体正在将其用于多种作物。作为综合虫害管理的一个组成部分，病害预警系统根据最适合病原体传播或宿主感染的天气变量，为种植者提供有关化学或生物管理措施最佳时机的信息。尽管这些系统足够强大，能够允许叶片湿润持续时间的估计或测量存在一些误差，但为了实现最有效的病害管理，仍然需要高度准确的叶片湿润持续时间数据。
