Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, DNA Replication and Genome Integrity, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
Genes (Basel). 2019 Jan 29;10(2):99. doi: 10.3390/genes10020099.
DNA replication differs from most other processes in biology in that any error will irreversibly change the nature of the cellular progeny. DNA replication initiation, therefore, is exquisitely controlled. Deregulation of this control can result in over-replication characterized by repeated initiation events at the same replication origin. Over-replication induces DNA damage and causes genomic instability. The principal mechanism counteracting over-replication in eukaryotes is a division of replication initiation into two steps-licensing and firing-which are temporally separated and occur at distinct cell cycle phases. Here, we review this temporal replication control with a specific focus on mechanisms ensuring the faultless transition between licensing and firing phases.
DNA 复制有别于生物学中的大多数其他过程，因为任何错误都会不可逆转地改变细胞后代的性质。因此，DNA 复制的起始受到了极其精细的调控。这种调控的失调可能导致过度复制，表现为在同一复制起点重复起始事件。过度复制会诱导 DNA 损伤并导致基因组不稳定。在真核生物中，对抗过度复制的主要机制是将复制起始分为两个步骤——许可和引发——这两个步骤在时间上是分开的，并且发生在不同的细胞周期阶段。在这里，我们将特别关注确保许可和引发阶段之间无差错转换的机制，来回顾这种时间上的复制控制。
