Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Hospital Rd, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Jan 30;19(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12888-019-2020-z.
Suicide bereavement is a risk factor for adverse outcomes related to grief, social functioning, mental health and suicidal behaviour. Consequently, suicide bereavement support (i.e., postvention) has been identified as an important suicide prevention strategy. However, little is known about its effectiveness. To redress this gap, this review aimed to assess the evidence of effectiveness of interventions for people bereaved by suicide, and appraise the quality of the research in this field.
We conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches of peer-reviewed literature in Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and EBM Reviews identified 12 papers reporting on 11 relevant studies conducted between 1984 and 2018.
Across studies, there was a wide variety of intervention modalities, study populations, control groups, and grief, psychosocial and suicide-related outcome measures. Overall, the quality of studies was weak. While there was some evidence of the effectiveness of interventions for uncomplicated grief, evidence of the effectiveness of complicated grief interventions was lacking. Based on this scant evidence, interventions which seem to show promise include supportive, therapeutic and educational approaches, involve the social environment of the bereaved, and comprise a series of sessions led by trained facilitators.
There is a clear need for additional methodologically sound studies in this area. Specifically, selection procedures, sample sizes, randomization, and the use of appropriate measures are crucial. As people bereaved by suicide are at-risk of adverse grief, mental ill-health and suicidal behaviour, further research across the life-span is essential to prevent grief and mental health ramifications.
自杀丧亲是与悲伤、社会功能、心理健康和自杀行为相关的不良后果的一个风险因素。因此，自杀丧亲支持（即预防自杀后干预）已被确定为一项重要的自杀预防策略。然而，对于其有效性知之甚少。为了解决这一差距，本综述旨在评估针对自杀丧亲者的干预措施的有效性证据，并评估该领域研究的质量。
我们根据 PRISMA 指南进行了系统综述。在 Medline、PsycINFO、Embase 和 EBM Reviews 中对同行评审文献进行了检索，确定了 12 篇报告了 1984 年至 2018 年期间进行的 11 项相关研究的论文。
在研究中，干预措施的模式、研究人群、对照组以及悲伤、心理社会和自杀相关的结果测量方法多种多样。总体而言，研究质量较弱。尽管有一些干预对单纯悲伤有效的证据，但缺乏对复杂悲伤干预有效的证据。基于这少量证据，似乎有希望的干预措施包括支持性、治疗性和教育性方法，涉及丧亲者的社会环境，并由经过培训的 facilitators 主导一系列的会议。
在这一领域需要进行更多方法学上健全的研究。具体来说，选择程序、样本量、随机化和适当措施的使用至关重要。由于自杀丧亲者面临不良悲伤、心理健康问题和自杀行为的风险，因此需要在整个生命周期进行进一步的研究，以预防悲伤和心理健康的后果。
