Relationship between nutritional status and improved ADL in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury in a convalescent rehabilitation ward.

STUDY DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the relationship of nutritional status with improvement of activities of daily living in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury.

SETTING

A convalescent rehabilitation ward at the Toyama Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital and Support Center for Children with Disabilities in Japan.

METHODS

This retrospective analysis investigated adults (age ≥20 years) with cervical spinal cord injury who were consecutively admitted to a convalescent rehabilitation ward between 2006 and 2015. Data of 154 patients were analyzed. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA; 3 groups: well-nourished, suspected of being malnourished or moderately malnourished, severely malnourished) and body mass index (BMI; 3 groups: underweight, standard, and overweight and obese). The main outcome was functional independence measure (FIM) efficiency. Multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship of SGA and BMI to FIM efficiency.

RESULTS

FIM efficiency was significantly higher in the well-nourished group based on the SGA than in the two groups with malnutrition (P = .007: 0.32 vs. 0.26 vs. 0.10). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that FIM efficiency was similar in the underweight and standard group, but was significantly higher in the overweight and obese group (P = .006: 0.20 vs. 0.21 vs. 0.31).

CONCLUSIONS

SGA and BMI on admission may be independently associated with FIM efficiency in patients with cervical spinal cord injury.