Caporossi Lidia, Papaleo Bruno
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian National Institute for Insurance against Occupational Accidents (INAIL), Monteporzio Catone (RM), Italy.
J Xenobiot. 2015 Nov 5;5(1):5264. doi: 10.4081/xeno.2015.5264. eCollection 2015 Apr 29.
Bisphenol A (BPA) interacts with the endocrine system and seems to produce different effects in relation to gender. The objective of the study was to clarify the possible health effects of exposure to BPA in relation to gender. A literature search was performed using three different search engines: Medline, PubMed and Scopus. Data on both animals and humans showed that BPA acts as a xenoestrogen and interacts with the androgens' metabolism, producing different outcomes: uterotropic effects, decreasing sperm production, stimulation of prolactin release. Gender difference plays a key role in understanding the real toxic effects, the BPA serum concentrations were, all the time, higher in male subjects, possibly due to the difference in androgen-related enzyme activity levels, compared with the healthly female subjects, to equal levels of exposure; while higher BPA levels in women have been associated with a variety of conditions including obesity, endometrial hyperplasia, recurrent miscarriages, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. The data collected are sufficiently robust to raise concerns about the potentially deleterious impact of BPA on humans, even with some methodological limitations; the different impact of BPA in men and in women is documented and of a certain interest. In toxicology it is necessary to assess effects in relation to gender differences, in order to set up prevention plans in the work environment targeting the specific risk.
双酚A（BPA）与内分泌系统相互作用，且似乎会产生与性别相关的不同影响。本研究的目的是阐明接触双酚A对健康可能产生的与性别相关的影响。使用三个不同的搜索引擎进行了文献检索：医学在线（Medline）、医学期刊数据库（PubMed）和Scopus。动物和人类的数据均表明，双酚A作为一种外源性雌激素，与雄激素代谢相互作用，产生不同的结果：子宫增大效应、精子生成减少、催乳素释放受刺激。性别差异在理解实际毒性作用方面起着关键作用，在同等暴露水平下，男性受试者的双酚A血清浓度一直高于健康女性受试者，这可能是由于雄激素相关酶活性水平存在差异；而女性体内较高的双酚A水平与多种病症有关，包括肥胖、子宫内膜增生、反复流产和多囊卵巢综合征。即使存在一些方法学上的局限性，所收集的数据也足以引发人们对双酚A对人类潜在有害影响的担忧；双酚A对男性和女性的不同影响已得到记录且具有一定研究价值。在毒理学中，有必要评估与性别差异相关的影响，以便制定针对特定风险的工作环境预防计划。
