Pereira André S, Rebelo Inês D, Casanova Catarina, Lee Phyllis C, Louca Vasilis
School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
CAPP, Centro de Administração e Políticas Públicas, School of Social and Political Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
PeerJ. 2019 Jan 25;7:e6332. doi: 10.7717/peerj.6332. eCollection 2019.
A large body of evidence suggests that female Old World monkeys maintain selective long-term grooming interactions with fitness benefits. The last two decades have produced evidence that the regulation of social interactions among primates can be, in part, explained by the Biological Markets theory, with grooming behaviour as the focus of these studies. Grooming facilitates bonding between individuals, constituting an essential part of the regulation of social relationships among female cercopithecids. In contrast to the well-studied baboons ( spp), knowledge about the nature of grooming interactions and their regulation is generally lacking for the large, terrestrial species of mandrills (). We used a combination of social network analysis tools and well-established methods for assessing partner diversity and reciprocity to characterise grooming networks, partner choice and patterns of trade (be groomed, give grooming) among females in a captive group of mandrills, both within and across two separate observation periods. Our results suggest that, even though the relatively stable conditions of captivity allowed the studied females to maintain selective grooming interactions across time, small scale demographic changes affected the grooming dynamics of the group in accordance with the expectations of the Biological Markets theory. In particular, the maturation and consequent integration of a high ranking female into the group's grooming network from one period to the next resulted in a more pronounced effect of rank on the regulation of grooming interactions. In addition, the influence of the maturation of a dependent infant on the grooming interactions of his mother were evident between periods. Our results also demonstrate that grooming networks are dynamic and that high ranking individuals are not necessarily the most central in grooming networks. Finally, we discuss the potential of social network analysis to identify cases of social exclusion and its consequences for captive management.
大量证据表明，旧大陆雌性猴子会维持具有适应性益处的选择性长期梳理互动。过去二十年的研究证据表明，灵长类动物之间社会互动的调节部分可以用生物市场理论来解释，梳理行为是这些研究的重点。梳理有助于个体之间建立联系，是猕猴科雌性动物社会关系调节的重要组成部分。与研究充分的狒狒（狒狒属）不同，对于大型陆生山魈（山魈属），我们普遍缺乏对其梳理互动性质及其调节的了解。我们结合使用社会网络分析工具和成熟的评估伙伴多样性及互惠性的方法，来描述一个圈养山魈群体中雌性个体的梳理网络、伙伴选择和交易模式（接受梳理、给予梳理），观察期分为两个独立阶段，涵盖阶段内和跨阶段的情况。我们的研究结果表明，尽管圈养环境相对稳定，使被研究的雌性个体能够长期维持选择性梳理互动，但小规模的种群变化仍按照生物市场理论的预期影响了群体的梳理动态。特别是，从一个阶段到下一个阶段，一只高等级雌性个体的成熟并随之融入群体的梳理网络，导致等级对梳理互动调节的影响更加显著。此外，在不同阶段之间，依赖母亲照顾的幼崽成熟对其母亲梳理互动的影响也很明显。我们的研究结果还表明，梳理网络是动态的，高等级个体不一定是梳理网络中最核心的。最后，我们讨论了社会网络分析在识别社会排斥案例及其对圈养管理影响方面的潜力。
