年轻人的社交网络与夜生活和医疗保健专业人士的联系以及处方药物滥用。
Social network ties to nightlife and healthcare professionals and prescription drug misuse among young adults.
机构信息
Purdue University, Dept. of Sociology, 700 W State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, United States.
The Ohio State University, Dept. of Sociology, United States.
出版信息
Int J Drug Policy. 2019 Apr;66:48-56. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.01.007. Epub 2019 Jan 28.
BACKGROUND
Nightlife scenes have been characterized as risk environments where social ecology and network ties facilitate substance use. In contrast to other substances, the prescription drug problem also has been shaped by the healthcare system. How network ties to professionals in these domains are associated with prescription drug misuse remains a key area of study.
METHODS
We analyzed a sample of 404 young adults who misuse prescription drugs, recruited from nightlife venues primarily via time-space sampling. We evaluated nine types of network ties via friends and family (5 nightlife professions and 4 healthcare professions) as well as total ties in each occupational domain and their relationship to three different outcomes - frequency of misuse, escalation to non-oral use, and substance-related problems. Negative binomial, logistic, and linear regression methods were employed. We then examined mechanisms by which these network associations may operate.
RESULTS
Ties to party promoters (p < .05) and bouncers (p < .01) were positively associated with all three outcomes. A single outcome each was associated with ties to DJs (problems, p < .01), musicians (frequency, p < .05), and bartenders (escalation, p < .05). The total number of network ties in the nightlife domain was positively associated with all three outcomes, with each additional tie increasing frequency (20.3%, p < .001), odds of escalation (OR = 42.9%, p < .01), and problems (12.5%, p < .01). The number of sources, peer norm context, and social bonding were explanatory mechanisms for all three outcomes for nightlife networks. Specific occupational ties and the total number of ties to healthcare professionals were not associated with any outcome.
CONCLUSION
Embeddedness in nightlife networks is related to patterns of prescription drug misuse, and some of this association can be explained by multiple mechanisms of social networks. By contrast, ties to healthcare professionals are not associated with patterns of misuse among such young adults.
背景
夜生活场景被认为是风险环境，其中社会生态和网络联系促进了物质的使用。与其他物质不同，处方药问题也受到医疗保健系统的影响。网络联系到这些领域的专业人士与处方药滥用之间的关系仍然是一个关键的研究领域。
方法
我们分析了 404 名滥用处方药的年轻人样本，这些年轻人主要通过时空抽样从夜生活场所招募。我们通过朋友和家人评估了九种类型的网络联系（5 种夜生活职业和 4 种医疗保健职业）以及每个职业领域的总联系，并将其与三种不同的结果——滥用频率、非口服使用的升级和与物质相关的问题——联系起来。我们采用了负二项式、逻辑回归和线性回归方法。然后，我们研究了这些网络关联可能运作的机制。
结果
与派对策划人（p<0.05）和保镖（p<0.01）的联系与所有三个结果都呈正相关。与 DJ（问题，p<0.01）、音乐家（频率，p<0.05）和调酒师（升级，p<0.05）的联系各与一个结果相关。夜生活领域的网络联系总数与所有三个结果都呈正相关，每增加一个联系就会增加频率（20.3%，p<0.001）、升级的几率（OR=42.9%，p<0.01）和问题（12.5%，p<0.01）。夜生活网络中，同伴规范背景和社会联系的来源和数量是所有三个结果的解释机制。与特定职业的联系以及与医疗保健专业人员的总联系与任何结果都没有关联。
结论
夜生活网络中的嵌入性与处方药滥用模式有关，其中一些关联可以通过社交网络的多种机制来解释。相比之下，与医疗保健专业人士的联系与年轻成年人的这种滥用模式无关。
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