Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;103(2):351-356. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.10.016.
Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders. It is characterized by a bilateral action tremor of the upper limbs. It may be accompanied by tremor of the head, voice, or lower limbs. Essential tremor is often present for years or decades before presentation and it progresses insidiously. It is often familial and transiently responsive to alcohol. For patients requiring treatment, the two first-line medications are propranolol and primidone, which are synergistic. Patients with disabling essential tremor that cannot be managed medically are candidates for either deep brain stimulation or focused ultrasound.
特发性震颤是最常见的运动障碍之一。其特征是上肢的双侧动作性震颤。头部、声音或下肢可能伴有震颤。特发性震颤通常在出现前数年或数十年就存在，且进展隐匿。它通常具有家族性，对酒精有短暂的反应。对于需要治疗的患者，两种一线药物是普萘洛尔和扑米酮，它们具有协同作用。对于那些不能通过药物治疗控制的致残性特发性震颤患者，深部脑刺激或聚焦超声是治疗选择。
