Carnetsoft, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Hum Factors. 2019 Sep;61(6):992-1003. doi: 10.1177/0018720818825008. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
In a driving simulator, a backwards counting task, a simple steering task, and a fully autonomous driving task were applied to study the independent effects of cognitive load, visual-cognitive-manual load, and optic flow on visual detection response task (vDRT) performance. The study was designed to increase the understanding of the processes underlying vDRT effects.
The tunnel vision effect induced by a "steering while driving" task found in a previous study was investigated further in this experiment.
Stimulus eccentricity and conspicuity were applied as within-subjects factors.
Cognitive load, visual-cognitive-manual load, and optic flow all resulted in increased vDRT response time (RT). Cognitive load and visual-cognitive-manual load both increased RT but revealed no interaction of task by stimulus eccentricity. However, optic flow resulted in a task by stimulus eccentricity interaction on vDRT RT that was evidence of a tunnel vision effect.
The results suggested that optic flow may be a factor responsible for tunnel vision while driving, although this does not support the tunnel vision model because it is unrelated to workload. However, the results supported the general interference model for cognitive workload.
The results have implications for the diagnosticity of the vDRT. During driving tasks, tunnel vision effects may occur as a result of optic flow, and these effects are unrelated to workload.
在驾驶模拟器中，应用倒计数任务、简单转向任务和完全自主驾驶任务，研究认知负荷、视认知-手动负荷和光流对视觉检测响应任务（vDRT）性能的独立影响。本研究旨在加深对 vDRT 效应背后过程的理解。
本实验进一步研究了先前研究中“驾驶时转向”任务引起的隧道视觉效应。
刺激离轴和显著度作为被试内因素。
认知负荷、视认知-手动负荷和光流均导致 vDRT 反应时间（RT）延长。认知负荷和视认知-手动负荷都增加了 RT，但任务与刺激离轴之间没有交互作用。然而，光流导致 vDRT RT 上出现任务与刺激离轴的交互作用，表明存在隧道视觉效应。
结果表明，光流可能是驾驶时隧道视觉的一个因素，但这并不支持隧道视觉模型，因为它与工作量无关。然而，结果支持认知工作量的一般干扰模型。
结果对视觉检测响应测试的诊断性有影响。在驾驶任务中，由于光流可能会出现隧道视觉效应，而这些效应与工作量无关。
