Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States.
Psychiatry Res. 2019 Mar;273:493-500. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.048. Epub 2019 Jan 15.
Clinical research across the developmental spectrum increasingly reveals the nuanced ways in which emotion and cognition can work to either support or derail rational (i.e., healthy or goal-consistent) decision making. However, psychological theories offer discrepant views on how these processes interact, and on whether emotion is helpful or harmful to rational decision making. In order to translate theoretical predictions from basic psychology to clinical research, an understanding of theoretical perspectives on emotion and cognition, as informed by experimental psychology, is needed. Here, I review the ways in which dual-process theories have incorporated emotion into the process of decision making, discussing how they account for both positive and negative influences. I first describe seven theoretical perspectives that make explicit assumptions and predictions about the interaction between emotion and cognition: affect as information, the affect heuristic, risk as feelings, hot versus cool cognition, the somatic parker hypothesis, prospect theory, and fuzzy-trace theory. I then discuss the conditions under which each theoretical perspective conceptualizes emotion as beneficial or harmful to decision making, providing examples from research on psychiatric disorders.
临床研究在整个发展阶段越来越多地揭示了情感和认知以何种细微的方式支持或破坏理性（即健康或目标一致）的决策。然而，心理学理论对于这些过程如何相互作用，以及情绪对理性决策是有益还是有害，存在不同的观点。为了将基础心理学的理论预测转化为临床研究，需要了解实验心理学所提供的关于情感和认知的理论观点。在这里，我回顾了双重过程理论将情感纳入决策过程的方式，讨论了它们如何解释积极和消极的影响。我首先描述了七个明确假设和预测情感与认知相互作用的理论视角：情感作为信息、情感启发式、风险即感觉、热认知与冷认知、躯体帕克假说、前景理论和模糊痕迹理论。然后，我讨论了每个理论视角将情绪视为对决策有益还是有害的条件，并从精神障碍研究中提供了一些例子。
