Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019 Jun;31(6):743-751. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01131-8. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
Gut microbiota (GM) located within the intestinal tract lumen comprises the largest number of cells (1014) in the human body. The gut microbiome refers to the collection of genomes and genes present in gut microbiota. GM can vary according to age, sex, genetic background, immune status, geography, diet, prebiotics, which are non-digestible fibers metabolized in the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract, probiotics, which are micro-organisms conferring a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts, living conditions, diseases and drugs. A source of probiotics is fortified fermented dairy products, which in addition provide calcium, protein, phosphorus and various micronutrients. Bone homeostasis is influenced by GM composition and/or products. GM appears to be a major player in the various determinants of bone health. However, it remains to be demonstrated in well conducted long-term randomized controlled trials, whether interventions changing GM composition and/or function are capable of reducing fracture risk.
肠道内的微生物群（GM）由人体中数量最多的细胞（1014 个）组成。肠道微生物组是指存在于肠道微生物群中的基因组和基因集合。GM 可根据年龄、性别、遗传背景、免疫状态、地理位置、饮食、益生元（在胃肠道远端代谢的不可消化纤维）、益生菌（以足够数量给予宿主健康益处的微生物）、生活条件、疾病和药物而有所不同。益生菌的来源是强化发酵乳制品，这些乳制品除了提供钙、蛋白质、磷和各种微量营养素外。骨内稳态受 GM 组成和/或产物的影响。GM 似乎是骨骼健康各种决定因素的主要参与者。然而，在精心设计的长期随机对照试验中，是否需要改变 GM 组成和/或功能的干预措施来降低骨折风险，这仍有待证明。
