Applied Food Sciences, Inc., 2500 Crosspark Road, Coralville, IA 52241, USA.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2019 May 10;235:301-308. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.032. Epub 2019 Jan 30.
Kava and kava extracts have shown great potential as a way to minimize anxiety-associated symptoms and to help alleviate pain. Hepatoxicity has been associated with the consumption of kava products. The chemical compounds, kavalactones (KL) and flavokavains (FK) have been implicated in kava's psychotropic and possible hepatotoxic properties.
To investigate the kavalactone and flavokavain content and in vitro toxicity of KAVOA™, a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) of kava.
Kavalactone and flavokavain content of SFE kava and noble kava root were determined following extraction in acetone, cell culture media, and water using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Using water extractions of the kava products, the cell viability and toxicity on the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) were determined using luminescent and fluorescent assays, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) of the SFE kava and noble kava root, extracted in cell culture media, were determined utilizing a luminescent cell viability assay.
Quantification of the KAVOA™, a SFE extract of kava and kava root showed similar profiles of kavalactone and flavokavain content. Water extracted SFE and root kava did not show a negative impact on cell viability and toxicity when compared to the vehicle control treated cells. IC values were determined for the SFE kava and kava root extracted in cell culture media in respect to cell viability, 78.63 and 47.65 µg/mL, respectively.
KAVOA™, a supercritical carbon dioxide extract of kava displays a similar kavalactone profile to a noble variety of kava. In relation to total kavalactone content, KAVOA™ also has a lower content of the cytotoxic compound FKB. Aqueous extractions of KAVOA™ and noble kava root had no significant negative impact on cell viability and toxicity on HepG2 cells when compared to vehicle controlled treated cells. Results indicate KAVOA™ demonstrates a similar in vitro safety profile to that of noble kava root when experiments are normalized to kavalactone content.
卡瓦和卡瓦提取物显示出作为减轻焦虑相关症状和缓解疼痛的一种方法的巨大潜力。卡瓦产品的消费与肝毒性有关。化学化合物卡瓦内酯（KL）和 flavokavains（FK）与卡瓦的精神活性和可能的肝毒性特性有关。
研究 KAVOA™ 的卡瓦内酯和 flavokavain 含量和体外毒性，KAVOA™ 是一种卡瓦的超临界二氧化碳提取（SFE）。
采用超高效液相色谱法（UHPLC），在丙酮、细胞培养基和水中提取 SFE 卡瓦和高贵卡瓦根后，测定 SFE 卡瓦和高贵卡瓦根的卡瓦内酯和 flavokavain 含量。分别采用发光和荧光测定法，用水提取卡瓦产品，测定其对人肝癌细胞系（HepG2）的细胞活力和毒性。利用发光细胞活力测定法，测定 SFE 卡瓦和高贵卡瓦根在细胞培养基中的半最大抑制浓度（IC）。
对 KAVOA™（一种卡瓦的 SFE 提取物）和卡瓦根的定量分析显示，卡瓦内酯和 flavokavain 的含量相似。与用细胞培养基提取的 SFE 和根卡瓦的载体对照处理细胞相比，水提取物对细胞活力和毒性没有负面影响。在细胞活力方面，测定了 SFE 卡瓦和卡瓦根在细胞培养基中的 IC 值，分别为 78.63 和 47.65μg/mL。
KAVOA™，一种卡瓦的超临界二氧化碳提取物，在卡瓦内酯谱方面与一种高贵的卡瓦品种相似。就总卡瓦内酯含量而言，KAVOA™ 还含有较低含量的细胞毒性化合物 FKB。与用细胞培养基提取的 KAVOA™ 和高贵卡瓦根的载体对照处理细胞相比，水提取物对 HepG2 细胞的细胞活力和毒性没有显著的负面影响。结果表明，当实验结果归一化为卡瓦内酯含量时，KAVOA™ 显示出与高贵卡瓦根相似的体外安全性。
