The role that androgens play in mediating elevated blood pressure is unclear. Low levels of androgens in men and increased levels of androgens in women, as occurs with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), are both associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and elevated blood pressure. We have used animal models to evaluate the potential mechanisms by which men and women have differential responses to androgens that affect regulation of blood pressure and the implications these may have for the health of men and women.