青少年早期害羞、心理困难和生活压力事件之间关联的动态研究
A Dynamic Examination of the Associations between Shyness, Psychological Difficulties, and Stressful Life Events during Early Adolescence.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 224 Park Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, 347 S Arts & Sciences Hall, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
出版信息
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019 Jul;47(7):1183-1195. doi: 10.1007/s10802-019-00520-x.
Although numerous studies have established linkages between shyness and later psychological difficulties, most extant research did not examine variation in shyness over time in relation to variation in psychological difficulties over time or possible environmental factors of influence outside of the school context. The current study used multi-level modelling to simultaneously examine time-invariant and time-variant associations between shyness, the psychological difficulties of depressive symptoms and loneliness, and stressful life events at four waves across 1 year in a community sample of 271 young adolescents (51% boys; M = 11.83 years at W1). Results revealed significant time-variant and time-invariant effects when loneliness was examined as a predictor of shyness. In addition, a significant interaction effect indicated that shyness decreased over time for those young adolescents who experienced few stressful life events, highlighting an understudied moderator of risk. Overall, findings have important implications for understanding the psychological concomitants of shyness as well as etiological models of shyness.
尽管许多研究已经确立了害羞与后来的心理困难之间的联系，但大多数现有研究并没有考察随着时间的推移，害羞的变化与随着时间的推移心理困难的变化之间的关系，也没有考察学校环境之外可能的影响环境因素。本研究使用多层次模型，同时在社区样本的 271 名青少年（男孩占 51%；第 1 次测量时平均年龄为 11.83 岁）中，在一年的四个时间点上，对害羞、抑郁症状和孤独感等心理困难以及生活压力事件之间的时间不变和时变关联进行了考察。结果表明，当将孤独感作为害羞的预测因素进行考察时，存在显著的时变和时不变效应。此外，一个显著的交互效应表明，对于那些经历较少生活压力事件的青少年来说，害羞程度随着时间的推移而降低，这突出了一个研究较少的风险调节因素。总的来说，这些发现对于理解害羞的心理伴随物以及害羞的病因模型具有重要意义。
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