Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Gene. 2019 Apr 20;693:101-113. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.12.083. Epub 2019 Feb 2.
Mitten crab (Eriocheir sensu stricto) is an indigenous and economically important species in East Asia. The genetic diversity and population structure of four wild native Eriocheir s. s. populations, from Yangtze (YZ), Oujiang (OJ), Minjiang (MJ), and Nanliujiang (NLJ) River basin, were studied. Genetic diversity of the four populations was evaluated by eight microsatellite and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunits I (COI) markers. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.7827 to 0.8580 and Shannon Wiener index (I) values varied from 2.0722 to 2.4088 respectively, according to microsatellite markers analysis. The haplotype diversity (h) values ranged from 0.52101 to 0.87097, while the values of nucleotide diversity (π) varied from 0.00139 to 0.02796 based on mitochondrial COI gene sequence. Four wild Eriocheir s. s. populations all showed high genetic diversity. As microsatellite analysis results, pair-wise F values of YZ, OJ, MJ and NLJ populations were 0.1347, 0.1103 and 0.0943 respectively, which indicated that they were in medium genetic differentiation (0.05 < F < 0.15). This was consistent with mitochondrial COI gene's conclusion. The bottleneck analysis was a hint that Eriocheir s. s. experienced bottleneck effect under SMM models of Sign Test and Wilcoxon Sign-rank Test. Based on genetic structure, YZ, OJ and MJ populations were in the same cluster separated from NLJ population. In summary, by microsatellite and mitochondrial COI markers analysis, all four Eriocheir s. s. populations had high genetic diversity, and genetic differentiation was consistent with geographical distance. Populations OJ and MJ were closer to population YZ genetically, and they had large genetic distance with NLJ population. This study provides a particularly important basis for mitten crab resources conservation and utilization in south China.
中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sensu stricto）是东亚地区特有的、具有重要经济价值的物种。本研究采用微卫星和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基 I（COI）标记对长江（YZ）、瓯江（OJ）、闽江（MJ）和南流江（NLJ）四个野生中华绒螯蟹群体的遗传多样性和种群结构进行了研究。根据微卫星标记分析，四个群体的遗传多样性用 8 个微卫星和线粒体 COI 标记评估，多态信息含量（PIC）值范围为 0.7827 至 0.8580，香农多样性指数（I）值范围为 2.0722 至 2.4088。单倍型多样性（h）值范围为 0.52101 至 0.87097，核苷酸多样性（π）值范围为基于线粒体 COI 基因序列的 0.00139 至 0.02796。四个野生中华绒螯蟹群体均表现出较高的遗传多样性。如微卫星分析结果所示，YZ、OJ、MJ 和 NLJ 群体的成对 F 值分别为 0.1347、0.1103 和 0.0943，表明它们处于中度遗传分化（0.05<F<0.15）。这与线粒体 COI 基因的结论一致。瓶颈分析表明，中华绒螯蟹在 Sign 检验和 Wilcoxon 秩和检验的 SMM 模型下经历了瓶颈效应。基于遗传结构，YZ、OJ 和 MJ 群体与 NLJ 群体聚类在一起。综上所述，通过微卫星和线粒体 COI 标记分析，四个中华绒螯蟹群体均具有较高的遗传多样性，遗传分化与地理距离一致。瓯江和闽江种群在遗传上与 YZ 种群更为接近，与 NLJ 种群的遗传距离较大。本研究为中国南方中华绒螯蟹资源保护和利用提供了重要依据。
