Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Environ Int. 2019 Apr;125:152-160. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.061. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
Wastewater-based epidemiology is an emerging field that has mostly been applied to investigate consumption of illicit drugs. In this study, the wastewater-based epidemiology approach was employed to study consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and measure their prevalence of use in eight densely populated, urban areas of Beijing, China. Ammonium loads were used to estimate the population equivalents of each sewershed. These estimates were applied to calculate population-normalized antibiotic consumption and prevalence of use during flu season, when antibiotics are frequently misused as a medical treatment. Results indicated that 21.9 g d (10 people) of ten popular antibiotics were consumed across the eight sewersheds, indicating that 1.98‰ of the 12.5 million population equivalents used these antibiotics during the sampling period. A comparison of these results to calculations made using previously reported data from 2013 suggest that recent Chinese antibiotic control policies have been effective. Uncertainty analyses were conducted to identify the 95% confidence range for antibiotic prevalence of use as 1.44-3.61‰. Human excretion factors were identified as the most sensitive variable. The wastewater-based epidemiology methods were also applied to a wider range of PPCPs, and the results indicated positive relationships between consumption and socioeconomic factors, such as housing price and population density. Overall, this work provides important public health information on antibiotic use and elucidates relationships between PPCP consumption and socioeconomic characteristics.
基于污水的流行病学是一个新兴领域，主要用于调查非法药物的使用情况。在这项研究中，采用基于污水的流行病学方法研究了药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的消费情况，并测量了它们在中国北京八个人口密集的城市地区的使用流行率。氨负荷用于估计每个污水流域的人口当量。这些估计值被应用于计算人口标准化抗生素消费和流感季节的使用流行率，在流感季节，抗生素经常被滥用于医疗治疗。结果表明，在这八个污水流域中，有 21.9 g/d（10 人）的十种常用抗生素被消耗，这表明在采样期间，1250 万人口当量中有 1.98‰使用了这些抗生素。将这些结果与 2013 年以前报告的数据进行比较表明，最近中国的抗生素控制政策是有效的。进行了不确定性分析，以确定抗生素使用流行率的 95%置信区间为 1.44-3.61‰。人类排泄因素被确定为最敏感的变量。污水流行病学方法也被应用于更广泛的 PPCPs，结果表明消费与社会经济因素（如房价和人口密度）之间存在正相关关系。总的来说，这项工作提供了有关抗生素使用的重要公共卫生信息，并阐明了 PPCP 消费与社会经济特征之间的关系。
