Finn Laura, Malhotra Sonia
Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA.
Department of Palliative Medicine & Supportive Care, Section of General Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, University Medical Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 2000 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Healthcare (Basel). 2019 Feb 1;7(1):22. doi: 10.3390/healthcare7010022.
Palliative Care and its medical subspecialty, known as Palliative Medicine, is the care of anyone with a serious illness. This emerging field includes Hospice and comfort care, however, it is not limited to end-of-life care. Examples of the types of serious illness that Palliative Medicine clinicians care for include and are not limited to hematologic and oncologic diseases, such as cancer, advanced heart and lung diseases (e.g., congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder), advanced liver and kidney diseases, and advanced neurologic illnesses (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease). In the past decade, there has been tremendous growth of Palliative Medicine programs across the country. As the population of patients with serious illnesses increases, there is growing concentration on quality of care, including symptom management, meeting patients' goals regarding their medical care and providing various types of support, all of which are provided by Palliative Medicine. In this review article we define Palliative Medicine, describe care pathways and their applicability to Palliative Medicine, identify different models for Palliative Care and provide evidence for its impact on cost and quality of care.
姑息治疗及其医学亚专业——姑息医学，是针对任何患有严重疾病的人的护理。这个新兴领域包括临终关怀和舒适护理，然而，它并不局限于临终护理。姑息医学临床医生所护理的严重疾病类型包括但不限于血液学和肿瘤学疾病，如癌症、晚期心脏和肺部疾病（如充血性心力衰竭和慢性阻塞性肺疾病）、晚期肝脏和肾脏疾病以及晚期神经系统疾病（如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病）。在过去十年中，全国范围内的姑息医学项目有了巨大的发展。随着患有严重疾病的患者数量增加，人们越来越关注护理质量，包括症状管理、实现患者关于医疗护理的目标以及提供各种类型的支持，所有这些都是由姑息医学提供的。在这篇综述文章中，我们定义了姑息医学，描述了护理途径及其在姑息医学中的适用性，确定了不同的姑息治疗模式，并提供了其对护理成本和质量影响的证据。
