Salidroside protects PC-12 cells against amyloid β-induced apoptosis by activation of the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most frequent diseases in elderly people and causes high mortality. Its incidence is increasing annually and no effective therapeutic treatment currently exists. In the present study, salidroside, a major active ingredient of Rhodiola rosea, was able to protect PC‑12 cells from the toxicity and apoptosis induced by AD inducer amyloid (A)β1‑42. Salidroside significantly protected PC‑12 cells by inhibiting Aβ1‑42‑induced cytotoxicity and mitochondria‑mediated endogenous caspase apoptotic pathways. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that salidroside significantly activated the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways. This observation was further confirmed using the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and the AKT inhibitor LY294002, which demonstrated that salidroside promoted PC‑12 cell survival and proliferation by activating the ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways. Salidroside is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AD and provides a basis for further drug development.