ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Vavilov State Optical Institute, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Phys Rev Lett. 2019 Jan 18;122(2):023903. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.023903.
For three-dimensional tangle laser solitons that have a number of unclosed and closed vortex lines and coexist in a range of the scheme parameters, we predict irreversible hysteretic transformation of their internal structure when a system parameter slowly and regularly varies crossing the boundary of the stability of one or another soliton. During the hysteresis cycle, when restoring the initial parameter value, the soliton topology simplifies (decrease of topological indices), its field energy decreases, and the energy of the medium increases. The transient includes a series of elementary reactions: reconnection of vortex lines, separation of closed vortex loops after strong bending of a parent vortex line, and twist of unclosed vortex lines changing topological indices. During the transient, new (metastable) types of localized topological structures arise. It is shown that the tangent energy flow along closed vortex lines is unidirectional or direction alternating.
对于具有多个未闭合和闭合涡旋线的三维缠结激光孤子，并且在方案参数的范围内共存，我们预测了当系统参数缓慢且规则地跨越一个或另一个孤子稳定性的边界时，它们的内部结构会发生不可逆的滞后转变。在滞后循环中，当恢复初始参数值时，孤子拓扑结构简化（拓扑指标减小），其场能减小，而介质的能量增加。瞬态过程包括一系列基本反应：涡旋线的重新连接，母涡旋线强烈弯曲后闭合涡旋环的分离，以及改变拓扑指标的未闭合涡旋线的扭曲。在瞬态过程中，会出现新的（亚稳态）局部拓扑结构类型。结果表明，沿闭合涡旋线的切向能量流是单向的或交替方向的。
