Feliziani E, Smilanick J L, Margosan D A, Mansour M F, Romanazzi G, Gu S, Gohil H L, Ames Z Rubio
Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648.
Plant Dis. 2013 Mar;97(3):307-314. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-12-11-1043-RE.
Potassium sorbate, a program of four fungicides, or one of three chitosan formulations were applied to clusters of 'Thompson Seedless' grape berries at berry set, pre-bunch closure, veraison, and 2 or 3 weeks before harvest. After storage at 2°C for 6 weeks, the natural incidence of postharvest gray mold was reduced by potassium sorbate, the fungicide program, or both together in a tank mixture, in 2009 and 2010. In 2011, the experiment was repeated with three chitosan products (OII-YS, Chito Plant, and Armour-Zen) added. Chitosan or fungicide treatments significantly reduced the natural incidence of postharvest gray mold among grape berries. Berries harvested from vines treated by two of the chitosan treatments or the fungicide program had fewer infections after inoculation with Botrytis cinerea conidia. None harmed berry quality and all increased endochitinase activity. Chitosan decreased berry hydrogen peroxide content. One of the chitosan formulations increased quercetin, myricetin, and resveratrol content of the berry skin. In another experiment, 'Princess Seedless' grape treated with one of several fungicides before 4 or 6 weeks of cold storage had less decay than the control. Fenhexamid was markedly superior to the other fungicides for control of both the incidence and spread of gray mold during storage.
在葡萄坐果期、果穗套袋前、转色期以及收获前2或3周，将山梨酸钾（一种包含四种杀菌剂的制剂）或三种壳聚糖配方制剂之一施用于‘汤普森无核’葡萄果穗上。在2009年和2010年，于2℃储存6周后，山梨酸钾、杀菌剂制剂或二者混合于桶混物中均降低了采后灰霉病的自然发病率。2011年，重复该试验，并添加了三种壳聚糖产品（OII - YS、Chito Plant和Armour - Zen）。壳聚糖或杀菌剂处理显著降低了葡萄果穗采后灰霉病的自然发病率。接种灰葡萄孢分生孢子后，来自经两种壳聚糖处理或杀菌剂制剂处理的葡萄藤上收获的果穗感染较少。这些处理均未损害果实品质，且均提高了内切几丁质酶活性。壳聚糖降低了果实过氧化氢含量。其中一种壳聚糖配方制剂增加了果实表皮中槲皮素、杨梅素和白藜芦醇的含量。在另一项试验中，在冷藏4或6周前用几种杀菌剂之一处理的‘公主无核’葡萄比对照腐烂更少。在储存期间，环酰菌胺在控制灰霉病的发病率和蔓延方面明显优于其他杀菌剂。
