Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, University of Munich Medical Centre, Campus Innenstadt, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
Acta Diabetol. 2019 Apr;56(4):421-430. doi: 10.1007/s00592-019-01291-z. Epub 2019 Feb 6.
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were frequently reported to be risk factors for obesity and diabetes in offspring. Our goal was to study the impact of maternal prepregnancy BMI (pBMI) and GDM on both maternal and cord blood metabolic profiles.
We used LC-MS/MS to measure 201 metabolites comprising phospholipids (PL), amino acids, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), organic acids, acyl carnitines (AC), and Krebs cycle metabolites in maternal plasma at delivery and cord plasma obtained from 325 PREOBE study participants.
Several metabolites were associated with pBMI/GDM in both maternal and cord blood (p < 0.05), while others were specific to either blood sources. BMI was positively associated with leucine, isoleucine, and inflammation markers in both mother and offspring, while β-hydroxybutyric acid was positively associated only in cord blood. GDM showed elevated levels of sum of hexoses, a characteristic finding in both maternal and cord blood. Uniquely in cord blood of offspring born to GDM mothers, free carnitine was significantly lower with the same tendency observed for AC, long-chain NEFA, PL, specific Krebs cycle metabolites, and β-oxidation markers.
Maternal BMI and GDM are associated with maternal and cord blood metabolites supporting the hypothesis of transgenerational cycle of obesity and diabetes.
母体肥胖和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）常被报道为后代肥胖和糖尿病的危险因素。我们的目的是研究母体孕前 BMI（pBMI）和 GDM 对母血和脐血代谢谱的影响。
我们使用 LC-MS/MS 测定了 325 名 PREOBE 研究参与者分娩时母血和脐血中的 201 种代谢物，包括磷脂（PL）、氨基酸、非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）、有机酸、酰基辅酶 A（AC）和三羧酸循环代谢物。
一些代谢物与母血和脐血中的 pBMI/GDM 相关（p<0.05），而另一些代谢物则与血液来源有关。BMI 与母亲和子女的亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和炎症标志物呈正相关，而β-羟基丁酸仅与脐血呈正相关。GDM 表现出己糖总量升高，这是母血和脐血的一个特征性发现。在 GDM 母亲所生子女的脐血中，游离肉碱显著降低，AC、长链 NEFA、PL、特定三羧酸循环代谢物和β-氧化标志物也呈现出相同的趋势。
母体 BMI 和 GDM 与母血和脐血代谢物相关，支持肥胖和糖尿病的跨代循环假说。
