Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Physiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Chem Neuroanat. 2019 Apr;97:9-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.01.009. Epub 2019 Feb 3.
The pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) related processes of axonal degeneration and demyelination are poorly understood. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed such to establish quantitative results of animal studies regarding the role of injury severity, SCI models and level of injury on the pathophysiology of axon and myelin sheath degeneration. 39 related articles were included in the analysis. The compiled data showed that the total number of axons, number of myelinated axons, myelin sheath thickness, axonal conduction velocity, and internode length steadily decreased as time elapsed from the injury (P<0.0001). The rate of axonal retrograde degeneration was affected by SCI model and severity of the injury. Axonal degeneration was higher in injuries of the thoracic region. The SCI model and the site of the injury also affected axonal retrograde degeneration. The number of myelinated axons in the caudal region of the injury was significantly higher than the lesion site and the rostral region. The findings of the present meta-analysis show that the pathophysiology of axons and myelin sheath differ in various phases of SCI and are affected by multiple factors related to the injury.
脊髓损伤（SCI）相关的轴突变性和脱髓鞘过程的病理生理学机制尚未完全清楚。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在确定动物研究中关于损伤严重程度、SCI 模型和损伤水平对轴突和髓鞘变性病理生理学作用的定量结果。共纳入 39 篇相关文章进行分析。编译的数据表明，自损伤以来，总轴突数量、有髓轴突数量、髓鞘厚度、轴突传导速度和节间长度均逐渐减少（P<0.0001）。轴突逆行性变性的速度受 SCI 模型和损伤严重程度的影响。胸段损伤的轴突变性更高。SCI 模型和损伤部位也影响轴突逆行性变性。损伤尾部的有髓轴突数量明显高于病变部位和头部。本荟萃分析的结果表明，SCI 的各个阶段的轴突和髓鞘病理生理学机制不同，并且受到与损伤相关的多种因素的影响。
