Vasić M, Duduk N, Ivanović M M, Obradović A, Ivanović M S
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Phytomedicine, Plant Pathology Department, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia. This research was supported by the project III46008 financed by Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Serbia.
Plant Dis. 2012 Mar;96(3):456. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-11-0531.
Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey is a causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits, occasionally affecting pome fruits as well. The pathogen is commonly present in North and South America, Oceania, and Asia, but listed as a quarantine organism in Europe (4). After its first discovery in France in 2001, its occurrence has been reported in Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, and the Slovak Republic (1). In February 2011, during a survey for fungal postharvest pathogens in cold storage conditions, apple fruits (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown and stored in the Grocka Region, Serbia, were collected. All pathogens from symptomatic fruits were isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). One isolate from apple fruit cv. Golden Delicious with brown rot symptoms was identified as M. fructicola based on morphological and molecular characters. Colonies cultivated on PDA at 22°C in darkness were colorless, but later became grayish, developing mass of spores in concentric rings. Colony margins were even. Conidia were one-celled, limoniform, hyaline, measured 12.19 to 17.37 (mean 13.8) × 8.62 to 11.43 μm (mean 9.9), and were produced in branched monilioid chains (3). Morphological identification was confirmed by PCR (2) using genomic DNA extracted from the mycelium of pure culture, and an amplified product of 535 bp, specific for the species M. fructicola, was obtained. Sequence of the ribosomal (internal transcribed spacer) ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region was obtained using primers ITS1 and ITS4 and deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JN176564). Control fruits were inoculated with sterile PDA plugs. After 3 days of incubation in plastic containers with high humidity at room temperature, typical symptoms of brown rot developed on inoculated fruits, while control fruits remained symptomless. The isolate recovered from symptomatic fruits showed the same morphological and molecular features of the original isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. fructicola in Serbia. Further studies are necessary for estimation of economic importance and geographic distribution of this quarantine organism in Serbia. References: (1) R. Baker et al. European Food Safety Authority. Online publication. www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal . EFSA J. 9(4):2119, 2011. (2) M.-J. Côté et al. Plant Dis. 88:1219, 2004. (3) J. E. M. Mordue. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. No. 616, 1979. (4) OEPP/EPPO. EPPO A2 List of Pests Recommended for Regulation as Quarantine Pests. Online publication. Version 2010-09. Retrieved from http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/listA2.htm , June 27, 2011.
果生链核盘菌（G. Winter）Honey是核果褐腐病的病原菌，偶尔也会影响仁果类水果。该病原菌在北美洲、南美洲、大洋洲和亚洲普遍存在，但在欧洲被列为检疫性有害生物（4）。自2001年在法国首次发现以来，德国、匈牙利、意大利、波兰、罗马尼亚、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞士、奥地利和斯洛伐克共和国均有其发生的报道（1）。2011年2月，在一项针对冷藏条件下真菌采后病原菌的调查中，采集了塞尔维亚格罗茨卡地区种植和储存的苹果果实（苹果属苹果种Borkh.）。有症状果实上的所有病原菌均在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）上分离。从苹果品种金冠有褐腐症状的果实上分离得到的一个菌株，根据形态学和分子特征被鉴定为果生链核盘菌。在22°C黑暗条件下在PDA上培养的菌落最初无色，但后来变为灰色，形成同心环状的大量孢子。菌落边缘整齐。分生孢子单细胞，柠檬形，透明，大小为12.19至17.37（平均13.8）×8.62至11.43μm（平均9.9），呈分支状念珠状链产生（3）。通过使用从纯培养物菌丝体中提取的基因组DNA进行PCR（2），证实了形态学鉴定，获得了一条535 bp的扩增产物，该产物对果生链核盘菌物种具有特异性。使用引物ITS1和ITS4获得核糖体（内转录间隔区）ITS1-5.8S-ITS2区域的序列，并保存在GenBank中（登录号JN176564）。对照果实接种无菌PDA菌块。在室温高湿度的塑料容器中培养3天后，接种果实上出现了典型的褐腐症状，而对照果实无症状。从有症状果实上分离得到的菌株表现出与原始菌株相同的形态学和分子特征。据我们所知，这是果生链核盘菌在塞尔维亚的首次报道。有必要进一步研究以评估这种检疫性有害生物在塞尔维亚的经济重要性和地理分布。参考文献：（1）R. Baker等人。欧洲食品安全局。在线出版物。www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal。《欧洲食品安全局杂志》9(4):2119，2011。（2）M.-J. Côté等人。《植物病害》88:1219，2004。（3）J. E. M. Mordue。《英联邦真菌研究所病原真菌和细菌描述》。第616号，1979。（4）OEPP/EPPO。EPPO A2建议列为检疫性有害生物的有害生物清单。在线出版物。2010-09版。从http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/listA2.htm获取，2011年6月27日。
