Rothrock C S, Winters S A, Miller P K, Gbur E, Verhalen L M, Greenhagen B E, Isakeit T S, Batson W E, Bourland F M, Colyer P D, Wheeler T A, Kaufman H W, Sciumbato G L, Thaxton P M, Lawrence K S, Gazaway W S, Chambers A Y, Newman M A, Kirkpatrick T L, Barham J D, Phipps P M, Shokes F M, Littlefield L J, Padgett G B, Hutmacher R B, Davis R M, Kemerait R C, Sumner D R, Seebold K W, Mueller J D, Garber R H
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
Agricultural Statistics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701.
Plant Dis. 2012 Dec;96(12):1805-1817. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-01-12-0031-SR.
The importance of fungicide seed treatments on cotton was examined using a series of standardized fungicide trials from 1993 to 2004. Fungicide seed treatments increased stands over those from seed not treated with fungicides in 119 of 211 trials. Metalaxyl increased stands compared to nontreated seed in 40 of 119 trials having significant fungicide responses, demonstrating the importance of Pythium spp. on stand establishment. Similarly, PCNB seed treatment increased stands compared to nontreated seed for 44 of 119 trials with a significant response, indicating the importance of Rhizoctonia solani in stand losses. Benefits from the use of newer seed treatment chemistries, azoxystrobin and triazoles, were demonstrated by comparison with a historic standard seed treatment, carboxin + PCNB + metalaxyl. Little to no stand improvement was found when minimal soil temperatures averaged 25°C the first 3 days after planting. Stand losses due to seedling pathogens increased dramatically as minimal soil temperatures decreased to 12°C and rainfall increased. The importance of Pythium increased dramatically as minimal soil temperature decreased and rainfall increased, while the importance of R. solani was not affected greatly by planting environment. These multi-year data support the widespread use of seed treatment fungicides for the control of the seedling disease complex on cotton.
1993年至2004年期间，通过一系列标准化杀菌剂试验，研究了杀菌剂种子处理对棉花的重要性。在211次试验中的119次试验中，经杀菌剂种子处理的棉苗生长状况优于未经杀菌剂处理的种子。在119次有显著杀菌剂反应的试验中，有40次试验表明，与未处理种子相比，甲霜灵处理可提高棉苗生长状况，这表明腐霉菌属对棉苗立苗的重要性。同样，在119次有显著反应的试验中，有44次试验表明，与未处理种子相比，五氯硝基苯种子处理可提高棉苗生长状况，这表明立枯丝核菌在棉苗损失中的重要性。通过与历史标准种子处理（萎锈灵+五氯硝基苯+甲霜灵）进行比较，证明了使用新型种子处理化学药剂（嘧菌酯和三唑类）的益处。种植后头3天平均最低土壤温度为25°C时，几乎没有发现棉苗生长状况得到改善。随着最低土壤温度降至12°C且降雨量增加，由幼苗病原体导致的棉苗损失急剧增加。随着最低土壤温度降低和降雨量增加，腐霉菌属的重要性急剧增加，而立枯丝核菌的重要性受种植环境的影响不大。这些多年的数据支持广泛使用种子处理杀菌剂来控制棉花上的幼苗病害复合体。
