Clinical implications of tumor-intrinsic mechanisms regulating PD-L1.

Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is effective in many cancer types. Tumors harboring specific mutations modulate antitumor immune responses through the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, and this should be taken into account when designing rational combinatory treatments.