Balas Benjamin, Auen Amanda
Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.
Center for Visual and Cognitive Neuroscience, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jan 23;10:29. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00029. eCollection 2019.
Though artificial faces of various kinds are rapidly becoming more and more life-like due to advances in graphics technology (Suwajanakorn et al., 2015; Booth et al., 2017), observers can typically distinguish real faces from artificial faces. In general, face recognition is tuned to experience such that expert-level processing is most evident for faces that we encounter frequently in our visual world, but the extent to which face animacy perception is also tuned to in-group vs. out-group categories remains an open question. In the current study, we chose to examine how the perception of animacy in human faces and dog faces was affected by face inversion and the duration of face images presented to adult observers. We hypothesized that the impact of these manipulations may differ as a function of species category, indicating that face animacy perception is tuned for in-group faces. Briefly, we found evidence of such a differential impact, suggesting either that distinct mechanisms are used to evaluate the "life" in a face for in-group and out-group faces, or that the efficiency of a common mechanism varies substantially as a function of visual expertise.
尽管由于图形技术的进步（Suwajanakorn等人，2015年；Booth等人，2017年），各种人造面孔正迅速变得越来越逼真，但观察者通常能够区分真实面孔和人造面孔。一般来说，人脸识别会根据经验进行调整，以至于专家级别的处理在我们视觉世界中经常遇到的面孔上最为明显，但面孔生命感知在多大程度上也会根据内群体与外群体类别进行调整仍是一个悬而未决的问题。在当前的研究中，我们选择研究人脸和狗脸的生命感知如何受到面部倒置以及呈现给成年观察者的面部图像持续时间的影响。我们假设这些操作的影响可能会因物种类别而异，这表明面孔生命感知是针对内群体面孔进行调整的。简而言之，我们发现了这种差异影响的证据，这表明要么使用不同的机制来评估内群体和外群体面孔的“生命”，要么一种共同机制的效率会根据视觉专业知识而有很大差异。
