Campbell Alison, Tanaka James W
8205 University of Victoria , Canada.
Perception. 2018 Jun;47(6):647-659. doi: 10.1177/0301006618771806. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
The face-inversion effect is the finding that picture-plane inversion disproportionately impairs face recognition compared to object recognition and is now attributed to greater orientation-sensitivity of holistic processing for faces but not common objects. Yet, expert dog judges have showed similar recognition deficits for inverted dogs and inverted faces, suggesting that holistic processing is not specific to faces but to the expert recognition of perceptually similar objects. Although processing changes in expert object recognition have since been extensively documented, no other studies have observed the distinct recognition deficits for inverted objects-of-expertise that people as face experts show for faces. However, few studies have examined experts who recognize individual objects similar to how people recognize individual faces. Here we tested experts who recognize individual budgerigar birds. The effect of inversion on viewpoint-invariant budgerigar and face recognition was compared for experts and novices. Consistent with the face-inversion effect, novices showed recognition deficits for inverted faces but not for inverted budgerigars. By contrast, experts showed equal recognition deficits for inverted faces and budgerigars. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that processes underlying the face-inversion effect are specific to the expert individuation of perceptually similar objects.
面孔倒置效应是指与物体识别相比，图片平面倒置对面孔识别的损害更大，目前这被归因于面孔整体加工比普通物体具有更高的方向敏感性。然而，专业的犬类评判员对倒置的狗和倒置的面孔也表现出类似的识别缺陷，这表明整体加工并非面孔所特有，而是针对感知上相似物体的专家识别。尽管此后专家物体识别中的加工变化已被广泛记录，但没有其他研究观察到像面孔专家对面孔那样，专业领域内倒置物体存在明显的识别缺陷。然而，很少有研究考察像人们识别个体面孔那样识别个体物体的专家。在这里，我们测试了能够识别个体虎皮鹦鹉的专家。比较了专家和新手在倒置对视角不变的虎皮鹦鹉和面孔识别上的影响。与面孔倒置效应一致，新手对倒置面孔存在识别缺陷，但对倒置的虎皮鹦鹉没有。相比之下，专家对倒置面孔和倒置虎皮鹦鹉表现出相同的识别缺陷。这些结果与以下假设一致，即面孔倒置效应背后的加工过程特定于感知上相似物体的专家个体化识别。
