神经元发育和神经疾病中的长链非编码RNA

Li Ling, Zhuang Yingliang, Zhao Xingsen, Li Xuekun

The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Front Genet. 2019 Jan 23;9:744. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00744. eCollection 2018.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts which are usually more than 200 nt in length, and which do not have the protein-coding capacity. LncRNAs can be categorized based on their generation from distinct DNA elements, or derived from specific RNA processing pathways. During the past several decades, dramatic progress has been made in understanding the regulatory functions of lncRNAs in diverse biological processes, including RNA processing and editing, cell fate determination, dosage compensation, genomic imprinting and development etc. Dysregulation of lncRNAs is involved in multiple human diseases, especially neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the recent progress made with regards to the function of lncRNAs and associated molecular mechanisms, focusing on neuronal development and neurological disorders.

长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）是一类转录本，通常长度超过200个核苷酸，且不具备蛋白质编码能力。lncRNAs可根据其由不同DNA元件产生或源自特定RNA加工途径进行分类。在过去几十年中，在理解lncRNAs在多种生物学过程中的调控功能方面取得了显著进展，这些过程包括RNA加工与编辑、细胞命运决定、剂量补偿、基因组印记和发育等。lncRNAs的失调与多种人类疾病相关，尤其是神经疾病。在本综述中，我们总结了lncRNAs功能及相关分子机制的最新进展，重点关注神经元发育和神经疾病。