Zhou Jiaojiao, Chen Qishan, Zou Yiheng, Zheng Shu, Chen Yiding
Department of Surgical Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jie-Fang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
The Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, 88 Jie-Fang Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
Stem Cells Int. 2019 Jan 8;2019:4247168. doi: 10.1155/2019/4247168. eCollection 2019.
Evidences have supported the pivotal roles of stem cells in mammary gland development. Many molecular markers have been identified to characterize mammary stem cells. Cellular fate mapping of mammary stem cells by lineage tracing has put unprecedented insights into the mammary stem cell biology, which identified two subtypes of mammary stem cells, including unipotent and multipotent, which specifically differentiate to luminal or basal cells. The emerging single-cell sequencing profiles have given a more comprehensive understanding on the cellular hierarchy and lineage signatures of mammary epithelium. Besides, the stem cell niche worked as an essential regulator in sustaining the functions of mammary stem cells. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of mammary stem cells. The cellular origins of mammary gland are discussed to understand the stem cell heterogeneity and their diverse differentiations. Importantly, current studies suggested that the breast cancer stem cells may originate from the mammary stem cells after specific mutations, indicating their close relationships. Here, we also outline the recent advances and controversies in the cancer relevance of mammary stem cells.
证据支持了干细胞在乳腺发育中的关键作用。已鉴定出许多分子标志物来表征乳腺干细胞。通过谱系追踪对乳腺干细胞进行细胞命运图谱分析，为乳腺干细胞生物学带来了前所未有的见解，该分析确定了乳腺干细胞的两种亚型，包括单能和多能干细胞，它们分别特异性分化为管腔细胞或基底细胞。新兴的单细胞测序图谱对乳腺上皮的细胞层次结构和谱系特征有了更全面的了解。此外，干细胞微环境是维持乳腺干细胞功能的重要调节因子。在本综述中，我们概述了乳腺干细胞的特征。讨论了乳腺的细胞起源，以了解干细胞的异质性及其多样的分化。重要的是，目前的研究表明，乳腺癌干细胞可能在特定突变后起源于乳腺干细胞，这表明它们之间存在密切关系。在此，我们还概述了乳腺干细胞与癌症相关性的最新进展和争议。
