Rho Delta, PhD Candidate, University of Alberta, Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Mu Sigma, Professor, University of Alberta, Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2019 May;51(3):252-261. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12460. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
To discuss the effects of forced displacement on maternal and child health, highlight the major pitfalls in delivering humanitarian services to this vulnerable group, and underscore the need for multilayered interventions to improve health, protect rights, and reduce vulnerabilities during forced displacements.
A comprehensive literature search was undertaken from databases including Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ProQuest. No restrictions were placed on geographical region, type, and year of publication. The key words used were displacement, children, women, health, challenges, disaster response, emergency medicine, terrorism, maladjustment, morbidity, disaster response, cultural sensitivity, and interventions.
Forced displacement negatively affects maternal and child health. The key challenges during forced displacement include food insecurity, lack of shelter, unavailability of clean water and sanitation, poor infrastructure of healthcare services, unavailability of birth attendants and healthcare professionals to manage medical emergencies, inaccessibility to educational and training facilities, and lack of cultural sensitivity of humanitarian workers. The ultimate outcome of forced displacement is a sudden rise in maternal and child mortality and morbidity, maladjustment, psychological issues, altered familial roles, displaced parenting, and vulnerability to exploitation. In view of Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological framework, multilayered interventions are proposed to improve maternal and child health during forced displacements.
In view of the effects of forced displacement on maternal and child health and considering the major pitfalls in the delivery of humanitarian services to this vulnerable group, the proposed multilayered interventions can improve health, protect rights, and reduce vulnerabilities surrounding maternal and child health during forced displacements.
讨论强迫流离失所对母婴健康的影响，强调向这一弱势群体提供人道主义服务的主要困难，并强调需要采取多层次干预措施，以改善健康、保护权利和减少被迫流离失所期间的脆弱性。
从 Medline、Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature（CINAHL）、EBSCOhost、Google Scholar、Scopus 和 ProQuest 等数据库进行了全面的文献检索。没有对地理区域、类型和出版年份施加限制。使用的关键词是流离失所、儿童、妇女、健康、挑战、灾害应对、急诊医学、恐怖主义、失调、发病率、灾害应对、文化敏感性和干预措施。
强迫流离失所对母婴健康产生负面影响。强迫流离失所期间的主要挑战包括粮食不安全、缺乏住所、缺乏清洁水和卫生设施、医疗服务基础设施差、缺乏分娩助手和医疗保健专业人员来管理医疗紧急情况、无法获得教育和培训设施以及人道主义工作者缺乏文化敏感性。强迫流离失所的最终结果是母婴死亡率和发病率突然上升、失调、心理问题、改变的家庭角色、流离失所的育儿和易受剥削。根据 Bronfenbrenner 的社会生态框架，提出了多层次干预措施，以改善被迫流离失所期间的母婴健康。
鉴于强迫流离失所对母婴健康的影响，并考虑到向这一弱势群体提供人道主义服务的主要困难，所提出的多层次干预措施可以改善健康、保护权利和减少被迫流离失所期间母婴健康的脆弱性。
