Crollen Virginie, Spruyt Tiffany, Mahau Pierre, Bottini Roberto, Collignon Olivier
Center for Mind/Brain Science.
Institute of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2019 Mar;45(3):354-362. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000598. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Recent studies proposed that the use of internal and external coordinate systems for perception and action may be more flexible in congenitally blind when compared to sighted individuals. To investigate this hypothesis further, we asked congenitally blind and sighted people to perform, with the hands uncrossed and crossed over the body midline, a tactile temporal order judgment and an auditory Simon task. Crucially, both tasks were carried out under task instructions either favoring the use of an internal (left vs. right hand) or an external (left vs. right hemispace) frame of reference. In the internal condition of the temporal order judgment task, our results replicated previous findings (Röder, Rösler, & Spence, 2004) showing that hand crossing only impaired sighted participants' performance, suggesting that blind people did not activate by default a (conflicting) external frame of reference. However, under external instructions, a decrease of performance was observed in both groups, suggesting that even blind people activated an external coordinate system in this condition. In the Simon task, and in contrast with a previous study (Röder, Kusmierek, Spence, & Schicke, 2007), both groups responded more efficiently when the sound was presented from the same side of the response ("Simon effect") independently of the hands position. This was true under the internal and external conditions, therefore suggesting that blind and sighted by default activated an external coordinate system in this task. Together, these data demonstrated that both sighted and blind individuals were able to activate internal and external information for perception and action. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
最近的研究表明，与有视力的人相比，先天性盲人在使用内部和外部坐标系进行感知和行动时可能更灵活。为了进一步研究这一假设，我们要求先天性盲人和有视力的人在双手不交叉和交叉于身体中线的情况下，进行触觉时间顺序判断和听觉西蒙任务。至关重要的是，这两项任务都是在有利于使用内部（左手与右手）或外部（左半空间与右半空间）参照系的任务指令下进行的。在时间顺序判断任务的内部条件下，我们的结果重复了之前的发现（勒德、罗斯勒和斯彭斯，2004年），即手交叉仅损害了有视力参与者的表现，这表明盲人默认情况下不会激活（冲突的）外部参照系。然而，在外部指令下，两组的表现都有所下降，这表明即使是盲人在这种情况下也会激活外部坐标系。在西蒙任务中，与之前的一项研究（勒德、库斯米雷克、斯彭斯和施克，2007年）相反，当声音从反应的同一侧呈现时（“西蒙效应”），两组的反应都更有效，与手的位置无关。在内部和外部条件下都是如此，因此表明盲人和有视力的人在这项任务中默认情况下都会激活外部坐标系。总之，这些数据表明，有视力和失明的个体都能够激活内部和外部信息用于感知和行动。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2019美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
