Bryan Frank L
Bureau of Training, Center for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
J Food Prot. 1977 Jan;40(1):45-56. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X-40.1.45.
A historical and world-wide review of medical and engineering literature discloses that typhoid fever, infectious hepatitis, fascioliasis, and cholera are the diseases that have been most frequently transmitted by foods contaminated by sewage or irrigation water in agricultural or aquacultural practices. Wastewater-contaminated shellfish have resulted in 28 outbreaks of illness, watercress in 10, fish in three, and shrimp in one. Vegetables contaminated by night soil or raw or partially treated sewage were reported as vehicles in 21 outbreaks. Fruits were considered as vehicles in four outbreaks. For such outbreaks to occur, a complicated chain of events must occur for agents originally present in wastewater to survive natural destructive forces and wastewater-treatment processes or to multiply so that there are sufficient numbers to cause illness.
对医学和工程文献进行的历史性全球回顾表明，伤寒、传染性肝炎、片形吸虫病和霍乱是在农业或水产养殖实践中因受污水或灌溉水污染的食物而最常传播的疾病。受废水污染的贝类导致了28次疾病暴发，水田芥导致10次，鱼类导致3次，虾导致1次。据报告，受夜粪或未经处理或部分处理的污水污染的蔬菜在21次暴发中被视为传播媒介。水果在4次暴发中被视为传播媒介。要发生此类暴发，原本存在于废水中的病原体必须经历一系列复杂事件，才能在自然破坏力和废水处理过程中存活下来或繁殖，从而达到足以致病的数量。
