Morimoto Kohkichi, Itoh Hiroshi, Watanabe Mitsuhiro
a Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
b Graduate School of Media and Governance, Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.
Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Jan;8(1):59-69. doi: 10.1586/eem.12.75.
Bile acids (BAs) are not only facilitators participating in the absorption of dietary lipids and soluble vitamins, but are also important signaling molecules exerting versatile biophysiological effects. Three major signaling pathways, including the MAPK pathways, the nuclear hormone receptor farnesoid X receptor a-mediated pathways and the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5/M-BAR-mediated pathways, have been identified to be the targets of BAs. BAs, the biologically many-sided and toxic molecules, regulate the homeostasis of themselves via these signaling pathways. BAs also affect diverse metabolic status including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, immunity and others. BAs and their related signaling mechanisms are attractive therapeutic targets of various diseases such as metabolic syndrome.
胆汁酸（BAs）不仅是参与膳食脂质和水溶性维生素吸收的促进剂，也是发挥多种生物生理效应的重要信号分子。已确定包括丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）途径、核激素受体法尼醇X受体α介导的途径和G蛋白偶联受体TGR5/M-BAR介导的途径在内的三种主要信号通路是BAs的作用靶点。BAs作为具有多种生物学特性的毒性分子，通过这些信号通路调节自身的稳态。BAs还影响多种代谢状态，包括葡萄糖代谢、脂质代谢、能量消耗、免疫等。BAs及其相关信号机制是代谢综合征等多种疾病有吸引力的治疗靶点。
