Brooks Steven A, Anders Merle M, Yeater Kathleen M
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Stuttgart, AR 72160.
University of Arkansas, Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart 72160.
Plant Dis. 2011 Aug;95(8):990-996. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-10-0689.
False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) and kernel smut (Neovossia horrida) are diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) that reduce both grain yield and quality. Susceptible rice cultivars are in widespread use on production acreage in the United States, and the effects from crop management practices on smut control are poorly understood. We studied the long-term effects of crop rotation, soil tillage, and fertility level on rice smut severity. The highest levels of false smut observed in this study were on cultivars grown in rotation with soybean, on traditionally tilled soils, with high fertilizer treatments. The highest levels of kernel smut were observed in a rice-soybean rotation with winter wheat grown between summer crops. These rotations are commonly used in rice-growing regions of the southern United States. Using combinations of crop rotation, soil tillage, and fertility rate, several alternative crop-management practices were identified that provided effective control of smuts in susceptible rice cultivars. The most effective method for controlling both false smut and kernel smut was in 3-year rotations of rice, soybean, and corn. Regardless of rotation order or tillage and fertility treatments within the rotations, rotating out of rice for 2 years was the most effective approach for smut control.
稻曲病（绿核菌）和粒黑粉病（稻粒黑粉菌）是水稻（亚洲栽培稻）的病害，会降低粮食产量和品质。在美国，易感水稻品种广泛种植于生产田，而作物管理措施对黑粉病防治效果的影响却知之甚少。我们研究了轮作、土壤耕作和肥力水平对水稻黑粉病严重程度的长期影响。本研究中观察到的稻曲病最高发病水平出现在与大豆轮作、传统耕作土壤且施肥量高的栽培品种上。粒黑粉病的最高发病水平出现在夏季作物之间种植冬小麦的水稻 - 大豆轮作中。这些轮作方式在美国南部水稻种植区普遍使用。通过轮作、土壤耕作和施肥量的组合，确定了几种替代作物管理措施，可有效控制易感水稻品种中的黑粉病。控制稻曲病和粒黑粉病最有效的方法是水稻、大豆和玉米的三年轮作。无论轮作顺序或轮作中的耕作和肥力处理如何，水稻轮作两年是防治黑粉病最有效的方法。
