a Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University , Auckland , New Zealand.
b Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2019 Sep;19(8):1024-1031. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1575475. Epub 2019 Feb 8.
This study aimed to understand the kinematic and kinetic differences between two sprint starts: block and split-stance standing. Fourteen sub-elite male sprinters (100 m time: 11.40 ± 0.39 s) performed block and split-stance standing starts sprints over 30 m of in-ground force platforms in a randomised order. Independent t-tests and repeated measures mixed model analysis of variance were used to analyse the between-condition variables across conditions, and over four step phases. Block start sprints resulted in significantly ( < .05) faster 5 m (5.0%, effect size [ES] = 0.89) and 10 m (3.5%, ES = 0.82) times, but no significant differences were found at 20 and 30 m. No significant differences were found in any kinematic measure between starting positions. However, block starts resulted in significantly ( < .001) greater propulsive impulses (6.8%, ES = 1.35) and net anterior-posterior impulses (6.5%, ES = 1.12) during steps 1-4, compared to the standing start. Block starts enable athletes to produce a greater amount of net anterior-posterior impulse during early accelerated sprinting, resulting in faster times up to 10 m. When seeking to improve initial acceleration performance, practitioners may wish to train athletes from a block start to improve horizontal force production.
本研究旨在了解两种起跑方式（起跑器和蹲踞式起跑）在运动学和动力学方面的差异。14 名次精英男性短跑运动员（100 米用时：11.40±0.39 秒）在随机顺序下，分别使用起跑器和蹲踞式起跑，在 30 米的地面力台上进行 30 米短跑。使用独立 t 检验和重复测量混合模型方差分析，对条件间变量进行分析，分析跨越条件和四个阶段的情况。起跑器起跑使 5 米（5.0%，效应量 [ES] = 0.89）和 10 米（3.5%，ES = 0.82）的用时显著更快，但在 20 米和 30 米时没有显著差异。两种起跑姿势在任何运动学测量上都没有显著差异。然而，与站立式起跑相比，起跑器起跑在第 1-4 步中产生了更大的推进冲量（6.8%，ES = 1.35）和净前后冲量（6.5%，ES = 1.12）。起跑器起跑使运动员在早期加速短跑中产生更大的净前后冲量，从而使 10 米以内的用时更快。在寻求提高初始加速性能时，教练可能希望从起跑器起跑开始训练运动员，以提高水平力的产生。
