Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Fundación Aitiip, Polígono Industrial Empresarium, C/Romero Nº 12, Zaragoza 50720, Spain; Tecnopackaging S.L., Polígono Industrial Empresarium, C/Romero Nº 12, Zaragoza 50720, Spain.
Carbohydr Polym. 2019 Apr 1;209:20-37. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.082. Epub 2018 Dec 29.
Our society is amidst a technological revolution towards a sustainable economy, focused on the development of biobased products in virtually all sectors. In this context, plant polysaccharides, as the most abundant macromolecules present in biomass represent a fundamental renewable resource for the replacement of fossil-based polymeric materials in commodity and engineering applications. However, native polysaccharides have several disadvantages compared to their synthetic counterparts, including reduced thermal stability, moisture absorption and limited mechanical performance, which hinder their direct application in native form in advanced material systems. Thus, polysaccharides are generally used in a derivatized form and/or in combination with other biobased polymers, requiring the compatibilization of such blends and composites. In this review we critically explore the current status and the future outlook of reactive compatibilization strategies of the most common plant polysaccharides in blends with biobased polymers. The chemical processes for the modification and compatibilization of starch and lignocellulosic based materials are discussed, together with the practical implementation of these reactive compatibilization strategies with special emphasis on reactive extrusion. The efficiency of these strategies is critically discussed in the context on the definition of blending and compatibilization from a polymer physics standpoint; this relies on the detailed evaluation of the chemical structure of the constituent plant polysaccharides and biobased polymers, the morphology of the heterogeneous polymeric blends, and their macroscopic behavior, in terms of rheological and mechanical properties.
我们的社会正处于向可持续经济的技术革命之中，重点是在几乎所有领域开发基于生物的产品。在这种背景下，植物多糖作为生物质中最丰富的大分子，是替代商品和工程应用中基于化石的聚合材料的基本可再生资源。然而，与合成多糖相比，天然多糖有几个缺点，包括热稳定性降低、吸湿和机械性能有限，这阻碍了它们在原生形式下直接应用于先进的材料系统。因此，多糖通常以衍生化形式使用，或以与其他基于生物的聚合物结合的形式使用，需要对这些共混物和复合材料进行相容化。在这篇综述中，我们批判性地探讨了最常见的植物多糖与生物基聚合物共混物的反应性相容化策略的现状和未来展望。讨论了淀粉和木质纤维素基材料的改性和相容化的化学过程，以及这些反应性相容化策略在反应挤出中的实际应用，特别强调了反应性挤出。从聚合物物理的角度来看，根据混合和相容化的定义，对这些策略的效率进行了批判性讨论；这依赖于对组成植物多糖和生物基聚合物的化学结构、多相聚合物共混物的形态以及它们的宏观行为（流变学和力学性能）的详细评估。
