Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019 Mar;52:293-301. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.01.012. Epub 2019 Jan 23.
Aluminum and tin are ubiquitous in the environment. In normal biological systems, however, they are present only in trace amounts and have no recognized biological functions in humans. High exposure to these metals can result in adverse health effects such as neurodegenerative diseases. In non-occupationally exposed subjects, diet is the primary source of exposure. In this study, we aimed at estimating dietary aluminum and tin intake in an Italian adult population. We measured aluminum and tin concentrations through inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 908 food samples. We also estimated dietary intake of these two metals, by using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire administered to 719 subjects (319 men and 400 women) recruited from the general population of the Emilia Romagna region, Northern Italy. We found the highest aluminum levels in legumes, sweets, and cereals, while the highest tin levels were in sweets, meat and seafood. The estimated median daily dietary intake of aluminum was 4.1 mg/day (Interquartile range - IQR: 3.3-5.2), with a major contribution from beverages (28.6%), cereals (16.9%), and leafy vegetables (15.2%). As for tin, we estimated a median intake of 66.8 μg/day (IQR: 46.7-93.7), with a major contribution from vegetables (mainly tomatoes) (24.9%), fruit (15.5%), aged cheese (12.2%), and processed meat (10.4%). This study provides an updated estimate of the dietary intake of aluminum and tin in a Northern-Italy adult population, based on data from a validated food-frequency questionnaire. The intake determined for this population does not exceed the established thresholds of tolerable intake.
铝和锡在环境中无处不在。然而，在正常的生物系统中，它们只以痕量存在，并且在人体中没有被认为具有生物功能。高暴露于这些金属会导致不良的健康影响，如神经退行性疾病。在非职业暴露的人群中，饮食是暴露的主要来源。在这项研究中，我们旨在估计意大利成年人群的饮食铝和锡摄入量。我们通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法测量了 908 种食物样本中的铝和锡浓度。我们还通过对 719 名（319 名男性和 400 名女性）来自意大利北部艾米利亚-罗马涅地区普通人群的半定量食物频率问卷进行了估计。我们发现豆类、甜食和谷物中的铝含量最高，而甜食、肉类和海鲜中的锡含量最高。估计的铝的每日膳食摄入量中位数为 4.1mg/天（四分位间距-IQR：3.3-5.2），主要来自饮料（28.6%）、谷物（16.9%）和叶类蔬菜（15.2%）。对于锡，我们估计的摄入量中位数为 66.8μg/天（IQR：46.7-93.7），主要来自蔬菜（主要是西红柿）（24.9%）、水果（15.5%）、陈奶酪（12.2%）和加工肉类（10.4%）。本研究根据经过验证的食物频率问卷提供了基于数据的意大利北部成年人饮食铝和锡摄入量的最新估计。该人群的摄入量未超过可耐受摄入量的既定阈值。
