Gogineni Hyma, Aranda Josephine P, Garavalia Linda S
Western University of Health Sciences College of Pharmacy, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766, United States.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2019 Feb;11(2):160-165. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.11.015. Epub 2019 Jan 3.
In health professional programs, training for educators in instructional design is sparse and may be absent altogether. Implementing evidence-based, systematic instructional design can improve pharmacy curricula. This paper describes Gagné's instructional design model which is particularly effective because the instructional steps align with learners' cognitive processes. The model is applied to the teaching of liver pharmacotherapeutics in a pharmacy curriculum.
Second-year pharmacy students completed 25 hours of liver pharmacotherapeutics instruction that was developed using Gagné's nine instructional events: gain attention, inform about objectives, stimulate recall of prior information, present information, provide guidance, elicit performance, provide feedback, assess performance, and enhance retention.
Students completed individual and team-based assessments including SOAP notes, recorded case presentations, web-based quizzes, a pre- and post-knowledge assessment, and midterm and final exam multiple-choice test. Students demonstrated significant improvement in liver pharmacotherapeutics knowledge from the pre- to post-knowledge assessment. Student course instructor evaluations also reflected effectiveness of the format.
Evidence-based instructional design strategies, such as Gagné's model, can enhance learning of challenging pharmacotherapeutics concepts using a systematic framework that aligns with cognitive processing.
在卫生专业项目中，针对教育工作者的教学设计培训稀少，甚至可能完全缺失。实施基于证据的系统性教学设计可改善药学课程。本文介绍了加涅的教学设计模型，该模型特别有效，因为教学步骤与学习者的认知过程相一致。该模型应用于药学课程中肝脏药物治疗学的教学。
药学专业二年级学生完成了25小时的肝脏药物治疗学教学，该教学是使用加涅的九个教学事件开发的：引起注意、告知目标、刺激对先前信息的回忆、呈现信息、提供指导、引发表现、提供反馈、评估表现以及增强记忆。
学生完成了包括SOAP病历、录制的病例展示、在线测验、知识前后测以及期中考试和期末考试多项选择题在内的个人和小组评估。学生在知识前后测中肝脏药物治疗学知识有显著提高。学生对课程教师的评价也反映了这种教学形式的有效性。
基于证据的教学设计策略，如加涅模型，可使用与认知过程相一致的系统框架，增强对具有挑战性的药物治疗学概念的学习。
