Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethedsa, Maryland.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019 May;28(5):943-953. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-0539. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
Given the diverse cigar market and limited data on biomarker patterns by cigar type, we compared biomarkers of nicotine and tobacco toxicants among cigar smokers and other groups.
Using Wave 1 urinary biomarker data from 5,604 adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we compared geometric mean concentrations among cigar-only smokers (all cigars and separately for traditional, cigarillo, and filtered cigars), cigarette-only smokers, dual cigar/cigarette smokers, and never users of tobacco. We calculated geometric mean ratios comparing groups with never users adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education and creatinine.
Some day cigar-only smokers had lower biomarker concentrations than every day cigar-only smokers, but higher than never users. Every day cigar-only smokers ( = 61) had lower TNE-2 (cotinine+trans-3'-hydroxycotinine) compared to every day cigarette-only ( = 2217; < 0.0001) and dual cigar/cigarette smokers ( = 601; < 0.0001). Several biomarkers, including NNAL (NNK metabolite) and CYMA (metabolite of acrylonitrile), were comparable in these groups. In exploratory analyses, every day filtered cigar-only ( = 7) smokers had higher biomarker concentrations compared with every day traditional cigar-only smokers ( = 12) and cigarillo-only smokers ( = 24). Every day smokers of each cigar type were similar to exclusive cigarette smokers. For some biomarkers, particularly for every day filtered cigar-only smokers, concentrations were higher.
For some biomarkers, every day cigar-only smokers were comparable with every day cigarette-only smokers. Exploratory analyses suggest that biomarkers vary by cigar type with every day filtered cigar-only smokers having the highest concentrations.
High exposure to harmful constituents among cigar smokers is a continuing health issue.
鉴于雪茄市场的多样性以及不同类型雪茄的生物标志物模式数据有限，我们比较了雪茄吸烟者和其他群体的尼古丁和烟草毒素生物标志物。
利用来自 5604 名成年人的第 1 波尿液生物标志物数据，这些人来自人口烟草和健康评估（PATH）研究，我们比较了仅雪茄吸烟者（所有雪茄以及分别为传统雪茄、小雪茄和过滤雪茄）、仅香烟吸烟者、雪茄/香烟双重使用者和从不使用烟草者的几何平均浓度。我们计算了比较从未使用者的组的几何平均比，调整了性别、年龄、种族/民族、教育程度和肌酐。
一些偶尔雪茄吸烟者的生物标志物浓度低于每天都吸雪茄的吸烟者，但高于从不使用者。与每天都吸香烟的吸烟者（ = 2217； < 0.0001）和雪茄/香烟双重使用者（ = 601； < 0.0001）相比，每天都吸雪茄的吸烟者（ = 61）的 TNE-2（可替宁+反式-3'-羟基可替宁）浓度较低。包括 NNAL（NNK 代谢物）和 CYMA（丙烯腈代谢物）在内的几种生物标志物在这些组中相似。在探索性分析中，每天都吸过滤雪茄的吸烟者（ = 7）的生物标志物浓度高于每天都吸传统雪茄的吸烟者（ = 12）和仅吸小雪茄的吸烟者（ = 24）。每种雪茄的每天吸烟者与仅吸香烟的吸烟者相似。对于一些生物标志物，特别是对于每天都吸过滤雪茄的吸烟者，浓度更高。
对于一些生物标志物，每天都吸雪茄的吸烟者与每天都吸香烟的吸烟者相似。探索性分析表明，不同类型的雪茄的生物标志物不同，每天都吸过滤雪茄的吸烟者浓度最高。
雪茄吸烟者暴露于有害成分的程度高是一个持续存在的健康问题。
