重性抑郁障碍快感缺失的动力学特征：正性情绪动力学、反应性和恢复。
The dynamical signature of anhedonia in major depressive disorder: positive emotion dynamics, reactivity, and recovery.
机构信息
Research group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102 - bus 3713, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
KU Leuven, Academic Center for ECT and Neuromodulation, Leuven/Kortenberg, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Feb 8;19(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1983-5.
BACKGROUND
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The cardinal features of MDD are depressed mood and anhedonia. Anhedonia is defined as a "markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities of the day", and has generally been investigated on group-level using retrospective data (e.g. via questionnaire/interview). However, inferences based on group-level findings not necessarily generalize to daily life experiences within individuals.
METHODS
We repeatedly sampled pleasurable experiences within individuals' daily lives by means of Experience Sampling Methods, and compared how positive affect unfolded in the daily life of healthy controls versus patients diagnosed with MDD and anhedonia. We sampled Positive Affect (PA) and reward experiences on 10 semi-random time points a day, for seven days in the daily lives of 47 MDD patients with anhedonia, and 40 controls.
RESULTS
Multilevel models showed that anhedonia was associated with low PA, but not to differences in PA dynamics, nor reward frequency in daily life. In reaction to rewards, MDD patients with anhedonia showed no difference in their increase in PA (i.e., PA reactivity), and showed no signs of a faster return to baseline thereafter (i.e., PA recovery).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that the dynamical signature of anhedonia in MDD can be described best as a lower average level of PA, and "normal" in terms of PA dynamics, daily reward reactivity and reward recovery. Preregistration: https://osf.io/gmfsc/register/565fb3678c5e4a66b5582f67 . Preprint: https://osf.io/cfkts.
背景
重度抑郁症（MDD）是全球导致残疾的主要原因。MDD 的主要特征是情绪低落和快感缺失。快感缺失被定义为“对一天中几乎所有活动的明显兴趣或乐趣减少”，并且通常使用回顾性数据（例如通过问卷/访谈）在组水平上进行研究。然而，基于组水平发现的推论不一定适用于个体的日常生活体验。
方法
我们通过经验采样方法在个体的日常生活中反复采样愉快的体验，并比较了健康对照组与被诊断为 MDD 和快感缺失的患者在日常生活中积极情绪的发展情况。我们在 7 天的时间里，每天在 10 个半随机时间点对 47 名有快感缺失的 MDD 患者和 40 名对照组的积极情绪（PA）和奖励体验进行采样。
结果
多层次模型表明，快感缺失与低 PA 相关，但与 PA 动态差异或日常生活中的奖励频率无关。对于奖励，有快感缺失的 MDD 患者在 PA 增加方面没有差异（即 PA 反应性），此后也没有迹象表明更快地恢复到基线（即 PA 恢复）。
结论
我们的结果表明，MDD 中快感缺失的动态特征可以最好地描述为平均 PA 水平较低，并且在 PA 动态、日常奖励反应性和奖励恢复方面“正常”。预注册：https://osf.io/gmfsc/register/565fb3678c5e4a66b5582f67。预印本：https://osf.io/cfkts。
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