University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center, Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands.
University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center, Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Johann Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics and Computer Science (JBI), Distributed Systems Group, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Affect Disord. 2018 Mar 1;228:186-193. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.017. Epub 2017 Dec 11.
Anhedonia has been linked to worse prognosis of depression. The present study aimed to construct personalized models to elucidate the emotional dynamics of subclinically depressed individuals with versus without symptoms of anhedonia.
Matched subclinically depressed individuals with and without symptoms of anhedonia (N = 40) of the HowNutsAreTheDutch sample completed three experience sampling methodology assessments per day for 30 days. For each individual, the impact of physical activity, stress experience, and high/low arousal PA/NA on each other was estimated through automated impulse response function analysis (IRF). These individual IRF associations were combined to compare anhedonic versus non-anhedonic individuals.
Physical activity had low impact on affect in both groups. In non-anhedonic individuals, stress experience increased NA and decreased PA and physical activity more strongly. In anhedonic individuals, PA high arousal showed a diminished favorable impact on affect (increasing NA/stress experience, decreasing PA/physical activity). Finally, large heterogeneity in the personalized models of emotional dynamics were found.
Stress experience was measured indirectly by assessing level of distress; the timeframe in between measurements was relatively long with 6h; and only information on one of the two hallmarks of anhedonia, loss of interest, was gathered.
Our results suggest different pathways of emotional dynamics underlie depressive symptomatology. Subclinically depressed individuals with anhedonic complaints are more strongly characterized by diminished favorable impact of PA high arousal and heightened NA reactivity, whereas subclinically depressed individuals without these anhedonic complaints seem more characterized by heightened stress reactivity. The automatically generated personalized models may offer patient-specific insights in emotional dynamics, which may show clinical relevance.
快感缺失与抑郁预后较差有关。本研究旨在构建个性化模型，阐明有和无快感缺失症状的亚临床抑郁个体的情绪动态。
来自荷兰坚果研究（HowNutsAreTheDutch）的匹配亚临床抑郁个体（有和无快感缺失症状，N=40），每天完成三次经验采样法评估，共 30 天。对于每个个体，通过自动冲动反应函数分析（IRF）估计体力活动、压力体验以及高/低唤醒 PA/NA 对彼此的影响。将这些个体的 IRF 关联结合起来，比较快感缺失和非快感缺失个体。
体力活动对两组的情绪影响都较小。在非快感缺失个体中，压力体验会更强烈地增加 NA、降低 PA 和体力活动。在快感缺失个体中，PA 高唤醒对情绪的有利影响减弱（增加 NA/压力体验，降低 PA/体力活动）。最后，在情绪动态的个性化模型中发现了很大的异质性。
压力体验是通过评估痛苦程度间接测量的；测量之间的时间间隔相对较长，为 6 小时；并且只收集了快感缺失的两个标志之一，即兴趣丧失的信息。
我们的研究结果表明，不同的情绪动态途径是抑郁症状的基础。有快感缺失抱怨的亚临床抑郁个体的 PA 高唤醒有利影响减弱和 NA 反应性增强的特征更为明显，而没有这些快感缺失抱怨的亚临床抑郁个体似乎更以压力反应增强为特征。自动生成的个性化模型可以提供情绪动态的患者特异性见解，这可能具有临床意义。
