Lee Susan
School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health, 1900 Gravier Street, Room 328, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;31(1):31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.cnc.2018.11.002. Epub 2018 Dec 22.
Valvular heart dysfunction (VHD) affects up to 7% of adults up to age 44 year, whereas up to 13% of individuals older than 75 years are affected. The broad term of valvular heart disease includes dysfunction of one or more of the 4 heart valves, including the pulmonary valve, tricuspid valve, mitral valve, or aortic valve. Specifically the more frequent anomalies, implication, assessment, and treatment that will be described more extensively include aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, or tricuspid regurgitation. The most prevalent cause of valvular heart disease stems from calcification and stiffening of the valve leaflets contributing to stenosis.
瓣膜性心脏功能障碍（VHD）在44岁及以下的成年人中影响比例高达7%，而在75岁以上的人群中，受影响比例高达13%。瓣膜性心脏病这一宽泛术语包括四个心脏瓣膜中一个或多个瓣膜的功能障碍，这四个瓣膜分别为肺动脉瓣、三尖瓣、二尖瓣或主动脉瓣。具体而言，将更详细描述的更常见的异常、影响、评估和治疗包括主动脉瓣反流、主动脉瓣狭窄、二尖瓣反流或三尖瓣反流。瓣膜性心脏病最常见的病因源于瓣膜小叶的钙化和硬化，进而导致狭窄。
